His political career, particularly his mayoralty, saw a number of personal and work-related controversies and legal proceedings. Early in the afternoon of April 27, 1813, the earth moved for the residents of the town of York, destined to become the city of Toronto. A 1675 map in French, by Pierre Raffeix, referred to Lake Simcoe as Lac Taronto,[8] and the name Tarontos Lac appeared on a 1678 map of New France by cartographer Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin. York had a red-light district on Lombard Street, and numerous taverns sprang up around St. Lawrence Market.[35]. His innovations in the sewing and marketing of ladies' wear enabled the emergence of a Canadian ladies' garment industry. Barnes, Alan (1999-01-16). A native or resident of Ontario's capital city is called a Torontonian. In 1887, the TSM became the medical faculty of the University of Toronto, increasing its emphasis on research within the medical curriculum. In various Indigenous origin stories, the turtle is said to support the world, and is an icon of life itself. They were dissolved by an act of the Government of Ontario, and formed into a single-tier City of Toronto (colloquially dubbed the "megacity") replacing all six governments. The area to the northeast of St. James' became a slum. During rainfall, water would accumulate on the dirt roads, transforming them into often impassable muddy avenues. J. M. Fenster, "The Conquest of Diabetes", Kevin Brushett, "Blots on the Face of the City: The Politics of Slum Housing and Urban Renewal in Toronto, 19401970" (PhD thesis, Queen's U., 2001). According to 2004 United Nations report, Toronto has the second-highest proportion of immigrants in the world, after Miami, Florida. 1800s . A more disparaging nickname used by the early residents was Little York,[2] referring to its establishment as a collection of twelve log homes at the mouth of the Don River surrounded by wilderness, and used in comparison to New York City in the United States and York in England. The loss of many of the old buildings in the downtown saw a new interest among Toronto's citizens to preserve heritage buildings and the City of Toronto began designating buildings to prevent their demolition. The Don River has an especially deep ravine, cutting off the east of the city at most points north of the lakeshore. Three railway companies built lines to Toronto: the Grand Trunk Railway, (GTR) the Great Western Railway and Northern Railway of Canada. [13] By 500 CE, up to 500 people lived along each of the three major rivers of Toronto (Don, Humber, and Rouge River). During the Typhus epidemic of 1847, 863 Irish immigrants died of typhus at fever sheds built at the Toronto Hospital at the northwest corner of King Street and John Street. The settlement it defended was renamed York on August 26, 1793, as Simcoe favoured English names over those of First Nations languages,[2] in honour of Prince Frederick, Duke of York. Toronto's bid to host the games failed after mayor Mel Lastman, while on a visit to Kenya in order to gain support from African Olympic delegates, shocked and insulted his hosts, when he said, "Why the hell would I want to go to a place like Mombasa? [3] The French set up trading posts in the area, including Fort Rouill in 1751, which they abandoned as the British conquered French North America in the Seven Years' War. [34], The third incursion at York occurred a year later, in August 1814. [30] Toronto would remain "temporary" in status until 1796.[28]. 1803 - The young United States made a very good deal with France, known as the Louisiana Purchase.For 15 million dollars, they bought a vast swath of territory that reached from Gulf of Mexico to the Rockies (or Stony Mountains, as they were called then). The total urbanized population was not counted as it is today to include the greater area, those just outside the city limits made for a significantly higher population. Emily Paskevics 19 February 2018 View Toronto's unusual name has a life of its own, which is in many ways distinct from the history of the city itself. The inability of the mechanics to attend was their saving grace, for the meeting ended in a terrible tragedy when the packed gallery overlooking Market Square collapsed, pitching the onlookers into the butcher's stalls below, killing four and injuring dozens. [28] The purchase did not include the Rouge River valley, yet to be settled. This lessened the impact on surrounding flora and fauna, allowing hunting and agriculture to be utilized in a sustainable fashion. "TO" or "T.O. [14], Although Europeans did not visit Southern Ontario in the 16th century, European goods had begun to make its way into the region as early as the late-1500s. R. D. Gidney, and W. P. J. Millar, "The Reorientation of Medical Education in Late Nineteenth-Century Ontario: The Proprietary Medical Schools and the Founding of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto". A number of loyalists fled from the United States to the mostly unsettled lands north of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario; some had fought in the British Army and were paid with land in the region. In 1720, Captain Alexandre Dagneau established Fort Douville on the Humber River, near the shore of Lake Ontario. The Harris government could thus legally ignore the results of the referendum, and did so in April when it tabled the City of Toronto Act. New rail transportation networks were built in Toronto, including an extensive streetcar network in the city (still operational), plus long-distance railways and radial lines. Kingston | The Canadian Encyclopedia As a result, building on floodplains was banned, new flood control works such as dams and flood channels were built, and the lands of floodplains were cleared of buildings, conserved as park lands and conservation areas. The Great Lakes in the War of 1812 | American Battlefield Trust [34] The landings at York were unopposed, with most York's garrison moving west to defend Burlington Heights. Once Upon A City: The Battle of York and the City of Toronto [15], By the 18th century, Toronto became an important location for French fur traders, given its proximity to the Toronto Passage. Toronto has also been home to the Hockey Hall of Fame (1943), since 1961. [31] The ten blocks are known today as the "Old Town" neighbourhood. Adjectives were sometimes attached to Little York; records from the Legislative Council of the time indicate that "dirty Little York" and "nasty Little York" were used by residents.[17]. What was the name of Toronto [] Mexican War (1846 - 1848) - The one-year enlistment of many troops . However, the location on this map is east of Lake Nipissing and northwest of Montreal in what is now Quebec. Early settlement Prior to the arrival of Europeans, a number of First Nations peoples inhabited the site of the present city of Toronto and the surrounding regions. The new CBC Canadian Broadcasting Centre was completed in 1993 and became the corporation's control facility for English language broadcasting in Canada. Finally, in 1812, the first recipe for tomato-based ketchup debuted. York. In 1804, settler Angus MacDonald petitioned the Parliament of Upper Canada to restore the original name of the area, but this was rejected. Contents show What was Toronto originally called? Several smaller rivers and creeks in the downtown area were routed into culverts and sewers and the land filled in above them, including both Garrison Creek and Taddle Creek, the latter running through the University of Toronto. [56] The demographics of Toronto changed as a result also, as many immigrants were from countries other than the United Kingdom. [13] During this period, the Huron-Wendat confederacy used Toronto as a hinterland for hunting, with the Toronto Passage continuing to see use as a northsouth route. The changing high-rise downtown core provided visual evidence of growth. The British and the U.S. used the watershed between the Hudson Bay and the Mississippi/Missouri rivers to establish the northern . [48] Irish Catholics arriving in Toronto faced widespread intolerance and severe discrimination, both social and legislative, leading to several large scale riots between Catholics and Protestants from 1858 to 1878, culminating in the Jubilee riots of 1875. The streets are well-paved and lighted with gas. [15] The population loss, along with the desire to secure furs for trade, saw the Haudenosaunee Confederacy to the south invade the area and attack the Huron-Wendat Confederacy. Proponents were William Chisholm, William Bent Berczy, and Mr. Clark. To help recover the losses the city suffered in industries and tourism, the city held the SARS Benefit Concert (colloquially termed SARSStock), which attracted 450,000 people in late July, making it one of the ten largest concerts in history. [64] A by-law was put into place temporarily halting skyscraper construction while land use controls and the official plan was updated.[65]. [71][72], In 2001, Toronto finished second to Beijing in voting by the International Olympic Committee for the host city of the 2008 Summer Olympics. Confusion about the name of location may also be attributed to the succession of First Nations peoples who lived in the area, including the Neutral, Seneca, Mohawk, Cayuga and Wendat nations. He opposed the renaming scheme, stating:[10]. When Was York Called Toronto? - Ontario Bakery [75] The resulting cultural diversity is reflected in the numerous ethnic neighbourhoods of the city. The bay serves as the end of the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail portage route from Lake Simcoe and Georgian Bay. War of 1812 | Article The Great Lakes in the War of 1812 At the start of the War of 1812, the United States Navy found itself completely outmatched by the many times larger Royal Navy on the open ocean, with the exception of a half-dozen heavy frigates like the USS Constitution. The town remained occupied until May 8, when American forces departed the settlement. Under the policy of the time, the British recognized aboriginal title to the land and Dorchester arranged to purchase the land from the Mississaugas. In his book Naming Canada: Stories about Canadian Place Names, Alan Rayburn states that "no place in Canada has as many sobriquets as Toronto". Most dramatically, they intermarried with Protestants at an unprecedented rate. The merger was proposed as a cost-saving measure by the Progressive Conservative provincial government under Mike Harris. The Irish Catholics (in contrast to the French) strongly supported Canada's role in the First World War. A provincial Agricultural Fair was held in Ontario on a rotating basis since the 1850s, and after Toronto held the 1878 exhibition at King and Shaw streets, it wanted to hold the fair again. How Did the City of Toronto Get Its Name? - Culture Trip His Democratic-Republican Party drew much of its support. The Exhibition Place was taken over for military training and deployment. British immigration remained strong through the latter half of the 19th century well into the 20th century, in addition to a steady influx from rural areas of Ontario, which included French-Canadians.[51]. In 1841, Britain united the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. To differentiate from York in England and New York City, the town was known as "Little York". Turtle Island | The Canadian Encyclopedia The new Reform-dominated municipal council quickly set to work to correct the problems left unchecked by the old Court of Quarter Sessions. How Toronto got its name - blogTO Dickens described Toronto as "full of life, motion, business and improvement. At the time, there were no sewers or storm drains, and the streets were unpaved. History of Toronto - Wikipedia It sat empty for a while over disagreements between government and the rail companies. The Denison estate was subdivided in the 1850s, and into the 1880s . The Seneca people established a village of about 2,000 people known as Teiaiagon along the trail. The Island Airport was taken over for training of the Royal Norwegian Air Force and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Tories called the meeting for three in the afternoon so that the working class "mechanics" would not be able to attend. Why Was Toronto Called Hogtown? - Tovisorga.com [85], On March 23, 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Toronto by mayor John Tory, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. [6], In the second half of the 19th century, Toronto grew into an important regional centre, linked to the rest of Ontario by a growing railway network and American and British markets by its port. Macleod (18761935) and Frederick Banting (18911941), shared the Nobel prize in Medicine for their 1921 discovery of insulin, putting Toronto on the world map of advanced science.[54][55]. [40] It would not be until the 20th century that Toronto would have its first Catholic mayor. At the time, Toronto's own beaches were far too polluted to use, largely a side effect of dumping garbage directly in the lake. In the 1790s the British began to settle Toronto and built the garrison which became Fort York at the entrance to Toronto Harbour. In the October 1834 provincial elections, Mackenzie was overwhelmingly elected in the second riding of York; Sheriff William Jarvis, running in the city of Toronto, lost to reformer James Edward Small by the slim margin of 252 to 260 votes. It was successful enough to encourage the French to establish Fort Rouill, at present-day Exhibition Place in 1751. [13], In 1786, Lord Dorchester arrived in Quebec City as Governor-in-Chief of British North America. At Malton Airport and Downsview Airport, new aviation factories built many fighters and bombers to be used in Europe. Newark, Kingston, York are poor substitutes for the original names of the respective places Niagara, Cataraqui, Toronto. He called the new town York in honor of the Duke of York and he made it the capital of Upper Canada. Eventually, the garrison commons became taken over by the Exhibition and the annual exhibition continues today as the Canadian National Exhibition. The Speaker noted that "this city will be the only City of Toronto in the world",[16] to cheers from council. These early immigrants originated from the midland region of the United States. The large growth in the Toronto metropolitan area is attributed to international migration to Toronto. These led from northern and western Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. In 1873, GTR built a second Union Station at the same location.[41]. As a colony of Great Britain, Canada was swept up in the War of 1812 and was invaded several times by the Americans. In Debate on Name Toronto in Incorporation Act, March 1, 1834, records indicate various council members noting their support for or opposition to the measure. Dorchester began organizing for the new province of Upper Canada, including a capital. The settlement was renamed when Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe called for the town to be named after the Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. When did they change York [] This was in response to the violent rebellions of 1837-38. 1812, War of See all media Date: June 12, 1812 - December 24, 1814 Location: Canada United States Participants: United Kingdom United States Major Events: Battle of Crysler's Farm Battle of Lundy's Lane Battle of New Orleans Battle of Plattsburgh Battle of the Thames . The Irish population essentially defined the Catholic population in Toronto until 1890, when German and French Catholics were welcomed to the city by the Irish, but the Irish proportion still remained 90% of the Catholic population. The only commercial enterprises were mills: two on the Humber River and two on Etobicoke Creek. They lost interest in Ireland after the establishment of Northern Ireland and the Orange influence faded after 1940. In the resulting pandemonium, the two sides agreed that they would hold a second meeting the next day. Canada Emigration and Immigration FamilySearch The Ontario government transferred a section of the Queen Elizabeth Way to the Metro Gardiner Expressway, cancelled the Eglinton subway line and trimmed transit, housing and welfare subsidies. [21] The completion of Fort Oswego in 1726 led the French to abandon their first trading post in Toronto.[21]. Sheriff William Jarvis took over the meeting and interrupted Mayor Mackenzie "to propose to the Meeting a vote of censure on his conduct as Mayor." The name of Toronto has a history distinct from that of the city itself. [37] The Tory press immediately placed the blame on Mackenzie, even though he didn't attend. Upper Canada was the predecessor of modern-day Ontario. [13] During the 17th century, nearly half of Southern Ontario's First Nations population was wiped out from as a result of the transmission of communicable diseases between Europeans and First Nations groups. The 49th Parallel: the Line Between the US and Canada However, the Americans soon withdrew. His mission was to solve the problems of the newly landed Loyalists. Tecumseh was leader of the First Nations confederacy that was formed to resist American intrusion on . The river became known as Rivire Taronto as the canoe route became more popular with French explorers, and by the 1750s, a fort to the east of the delta on Lake Ontario was named Fort Toronto by the French. [9] In 1680, it appeared as Lac de Taronto on a map created by French court official Abb Claude Bernou. [77][78] Ford's election victory highlighted a political schism between the core and suburban Toronto at City Hall. Roy Thomson Hall became the home of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra in 1982. Political unrest developed in both Upper and Lower Canada soon after the War of 1812. The Great Irish Famine (18451849) brought a large number of Irish into the city, a slight majority of whom were Protestant.
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