School health promotion: achievements, challenges and priorities. In the SHE network a health promoting school is defined as 'a school that implements a structured and systematic plan for the health, well-being and the development of social capital of all pupils and of teaching and non-teaching staff' (SHE, 2014). 2012;46(1):8996. Health promotion: "Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. This paper was based on the. Information about HKSHQ and HKHSA was provided to the participating school, teachers, parents and students. The general direction of WHO's Global School Health Initiative is guided by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986); the;Jakarta Declaration of the Fourth International Conference on Health Promotion(1997); and the WHO's Expert Committee Recommendation on Comprehensive School Health Education and Promotion (1995). One would argue that potential markers of success are associated with the process [10]. 1999;3:1201. 2014;4(4):CD008958. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2017. Table4 shows results of correlation analysis of those selected indicators under each key area with health-related outcomes. They could also be used as school performance indicators to help schools in monitoring and evaluation of their HPS efforts. It provides opportunities for students to assess their vulnerability to health problems, actual risk of engaging in harmful health behaviors, and exposure to unhealthy situations. 2011;111(5):36790. Paper by Joyce et al. Abstract. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199756797-0173 https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756797/obo-9780199756797-0173.xml Accessed 10 Aug 2019. Behavioural, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risks factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking and alcohol, can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention especially at early stage of life [2]. Body and Mind Classroom Resources for Teachers, Unit 6: Mental Health, Child Development, & Hygiene, Unit 7: Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2004;591(1):98124. An effective curriculum addresses students needs, interests, concerns, developmental and emotional maturity levels, experiences, and current knowledge and skill levels. Sussman, S. Risk factors for and prevention of tobacco use. In: McQueen D, Jones C (eds). The goal of WHO's Global School Health Initiative is to increase the number of schools that can truly be called "Health-Promoting Schools". Provides age-appropriate and developmentally-appropriate information, learning strategies, teaching methods, and materials. As described in data analysis section, the basic requirements for HPS were identified by t-test are illustrated in Table2, i.e., those elements/indicators showing significant mean score difference more than 0.25. Behavior change requires an intensive and sustained effort. Health Promoting School Framework for Action http://www.wpro.who.int/health_promotion/documents/docs/HPS_framework_for_action.pdf?ua=1. School as setting to create a healthy teaching and learning environment: using the health promoting school model to foster school-health partnership. 1999;99(1):2734. A standards-driven approach towards the implementation of this recommendation, and strengthening the role of school health services, will accelerate global progress. Helping schools to become health-promoting environments an evaluation of the Wessex healthy schools award. Health Promot Int. A study on health-related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets has highlighted the need for boarder public health programmes and policies on behavioural risk factors with multi-sectoral commitments and investments [18]. There is wide debate what type of data would assist to evaluate impact of HPS, and whether schools should monitor health behaviour outcomes or relying more on process outcomes such as school policies and school environment. In: Marx E, Wooley S, Northrop D, editors. This review sought to provide a comprehensive understanding of key factors involved in models of school education contributing to student mental health development . Providing context to the implementation of health promoting schools: A If longitudinal study can be performed, longitudinal correlation between students health related outcomes, and a number of independent variables (indicators from the school health profiles that are significant from the linear regression, location, school, and other socio-demographic variables) can be analysed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Shaping personal values and beliefs that support healthy behaviors. Ongoing professional development and training is critical for helping teachers implement a new curriculum or implement strategies that require new skills in teaching or assessment. Global Health Promotion 2016;Suppl 1:1825. All identifiable information was recorded confidentially and will not be disclosed to any party other than the research team. An effective curriculum provides enough time to promote understanding of key health concepts and practice skills. (PDF) Concept of health promoting school - ResearchGate Despite the fact that the concept of Health Promoting Schools was articulated by WHO, UNESCO and UNICEF back in 1992, only few countries have successfully implemented Health Promoting Schools at scale. Literature has highlighted the importance of comprehensive integrated approach via negotiated and systematic planning, leadership and management for effective implementation of HPS [12, 43, 44]. Making every school a health promoting school, The global all-cause morbidity and mortality burden in adolescents by country income groups, age and sex, The top global causes of the burden of disease in adolescents by country income groups, Levels and trends in child marriage in selected countries, Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee, Ready to learn and thrive: school health and nutrition around the world, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, Making Every School a Health Promoting School. PubMed Central Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. Preventive work for early identification of students with difficulties and ensuring all parts of the school organization working coherently has found to be effective in promoting emotional and mental health in school [53]. Focuses on reinforcing protective factors and increasing perceptions of personal risk and harmfulness of engaging in specific unhealthy practices and behaviors. The Initiative is designed to improve the health of students, school personnel, families and other members of the community through schools. Effective health promoting school for better health of children and (WHA 67.12), Reducing health inequities through action on the social determinants of health (WHA 62.14). 2005;34(12):112. An effective curriculum provides opportunities for students to validate positive health-promoting beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. Samdal O, Rowling L. Theoretical and empirical base for implementation for health-promoting schools. Ed. Lee A, Keung V. Epidemics of childhood obesity amongst Chinese students and effectiveness of school based intervention. health-promoting school consistently strengthens its capacity as a safe and healthy setting for teaching, learning and working Read the Global standards: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/482 23/pf0000377948 Global standards for health-promoting schools and systems This study has identified the indicators with most significant impact on wide range of health-related outcomes which would serve as key indicators for motivating change. SE 2.2 (school has a system for the prevention, and management of unacceptable behaviour in school among students by school teachers responsible for guidance counselling and/or school social workers, and encourages staff to set personal examples for cultivating students positive actions) has also been found to correlate significantly with self-reported academic performance, physical active and better mental health (Table4c). The Austrian study has highlighted the importance of whole school approach with commitment by key stakeholders within the school not just gaining support from health promotion service providers [24]. Fosters health and learning with all the measures at its disposal. 2018;67(8):1114. A number of components under each key areas and the respective set of indicators with contextualisation specific to Asian Pacific countries (Additional file 1: Appendix 1) were developed with guidelines based on extensive local and oversea literature and documentary reviews [14, 16, 28]. Healthy school policies have shown significant correlation with different aspects of student health (Table4f). Often framed in the context It would be interesting to observe how the school health profile correlates with student health profile in longitudinal study. The WHO HPS framework is only an outline. Health promoting schools and health promotion in schools: two systematic reviews. 2013;20:3950. Engages health and education officials, teachers, teachers' unions, students, parents, health providers and community leaders in efforts to make the school a healthy place. Google Scholar. 2012;29(1):3746. Effects of Multidimensional Self-Esteems on Health Promotion Behaviors Eisen M, Pallitto C, Bradner C, Bolshun N. Gottfredson DC. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2. Creating the document promoting health in schools: from evidence to action. Weare K. What works in promoting social and emotional wellbeing and responding to mental health problems in schools. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. PubMed Organization of the school health service s School health services, on the other hand, should, as described . 2002;50(5):22336. Department of Health. An effective school health programme can be one of the most cost effective investments a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health. There is always argument that interventions other than HPS would improve health. Tooher R, Collins J, Braunack-Mayer A, Burgess T, Skinner SR, O'keefe M, Watson M, Marshall HS. Health Place. 2016;21(2):1345 http://www.hkjpaed.org/details.asp?id=1064&show=1234 Accessed 10 Aug 2019. The system of accreditation of HKHSA had undergone process of validation by: Face validation: Pilot testing was done with principals and teachers from 18 primary and 19 secondary schools who had basic understanding of HPS [23]. Health promoting schools become important agenda for school reopening for better response to health needs and to prevent future risks. The HKHSA covers six key areas (healthy school policies, schools physical environment, schools social environment, community links, action competencies for healthy living, and school health care and promotion services) suggested by WHO Guidelines [6, 14, 28]. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Department of Healthier Populations and Noncommunicable Diseases (HPN)>>, Country Health Emergency Preparedness & IHR, Health Emergency Information & Risk Assessment, Thailand becomes first in SEAR with WHO classified emergency medical team, Health Ministers Commit to Emergency Preparedness, Seventy-fourth Session of the Regional Committee, Seventy-fifth Session of the Regional Committee, From vision to results: advancing health for billions in the South-East Asia Region, Scaling up implementation of comprehensive school health programmes for promoting health and well-being of students and staff, Every school should be health promoting to protect and improve the learning, health, nutrition and overall well-being of students and the school community. Article Google Scholar. The general direction of WHO's Global School Health Initiative is guided by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986); the Jakarta Declaration of the Fourth International Conference on Health Promotion (1997); and the WHO's Expert Committee Recommendation on Comprehensive School Health Education and Promotion (1995). Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. Practicing and rehearsing the skill using reallife scenarios. A recent guidance by WHO and other UN partners - Global accelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA! Rogers E, Moon AM, Mullee MA, Speller VM, Roderick PJ. This topic brief highlights how physical activity supports the achievement of education and learning objectives, and explains how intervention benefits No education system is effective unless it promotes The creation of school health profile enables categorisation of schools into different levels of achievement using the cut-off for different levels of Award, gold, silver and bronze [34]. In health promotion behavior, middle school students have more advantages than primary school . Perspectives Public Health. Health Educ. Introduction. The impact of enhancing students social and emotional learning: a meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. The present study described the development and implementation of a literacy-based, family component of a school-based health education program and investigated its viability . Accessed 10 Aug 2019. School policies on health can serve this regulatory role. The w Health promoting hospital takes action to promote the health of their patients, their staff, and the population in the community they are located in. The promotion of mental health among children and adolescents is a public health imperative worldwide, and schools have been proposed as the primary and targeted settings for mental health promotion for students in grades K-12. Involvement of high school teachers in Health Promoting School - PLOS Critical approaches to health education. Health Promot Int. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. K6 scale by Kessler and colleagues [42] has been used to assess emotional disturbance [40] as well as Life Satisfaction scale by Huebner and colleagues [42] as part of HKSHQ building up the student health profile. Characteristics of health-promoting schools from Iranian adolescents' point of view The results suggest that there is a need for more measurable standards of health-promoting schools based on the socio-cultural context of both developing and developed countries. 1987;46(3):10915. Hong Kong has scaled up and sustained the HPS movement over the last two decades to enable study to be conducted in identification of the key indicators for successful HPS practice based on the data collected over a period of time. Making every school a health-promoting school - The Lancet Health promoting hospitals are WHO South-East Asia countries is hosting 750 million urban population with average of 34% of total population. Description of the programme. Health Promoting Schools have been recognized as a strategic vehicle to promote positive development and healthy behaviours such as physical activity, physical fitness, recreation and play, balanced nutrition, prevent tobacco use, and preventing being bullied. Google Scholar. 2012. https://www.iuhpe.org/index.php/en/iuhpe-thematic-resources/298-on-school-health. Article Therefore, consultation with community and family on health promotion would lead to better health related outcomes. WHO promotes school health programmes as a strategic means to prevent important health risks among youth and to engage the education sector in efforts to change the educational, social, economic and political conditions that affect risk. The paper also proposes that law needs not to be coercive but creating environment to make healthy choice easy choice [55]. The school health profile describes the school environment (physical and social), healthy policies, pedagogy on health training, and organisational practices. Implementation of health promotion programmes in - BMC Public Health The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Effective health promoting school for better health of children and adolescents: indicators for success. PDF What is a health-promoting school? - World Health Organization The 1.2 billion adolescents in the world today represent more than one sixth (18%) of the global population. Abstract. Moon AM, Mullee MA, Rogers L, Thompson RL, Speller V, Roderick Moon AM, Mullee MA, Thompson RL, Speller V, Roderick P. Health-related research and evaluation in schools. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Addresses social pressures and influences. E. Design & development by Munteci S.L. Instructional strategies and learning experiences include methods for. 2000;15(6):71928. It is No education system is effective unless it promotes The RCT design does not necessary lend itself to outcomes involving organizational or structural change as the statistical assumptions underpinning RCT are not valid to reflect organisational or structural change so limited conclusion could be drawn [9]. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Preventing leading causes of death, disease and disability: helminths, tobacco use, HIV/AIDS/STDs, sedentary lifestyle, drugs and alcohol, violence and injuries, unhealthy nutrition. 2012;50(34):42844. 2017;390:142359. Findings of the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study have shown that underage drinking behaviour of the college student could be reduced by additional policy efforts [56]. An effective health education curriculum has the following characteristics, according to reviews of effective programs and curricula and experts in the field of health education1-14: An effective curriculum has clear health-related goals and behavioral outcomes that are directly related to these goals. It provides instructional strategies and learning experiences that motivate students to critically examine personal perspectives, thoughtfully consider new arguments that support health-promoting attitudes and values, and generate positive perceptions about protective behaviors and negative perceptions about risk behaviors. PubMed https://www.racgp.org.au/afpbackissues/2005/200501/200501rowe.pdf. A review of the brief multidimensional students life satisfaction scale. Langford R, Campbell R, Magnus D, Bonell CP, Murphy SM, Waters E, Komro KA, Gibbs LF. Under the key area, Schools Physical Environment, the indicator School has a system in place to ensure that all food sold or served in school promote healthy eating (PE 4.1) was also chosen even though the difference of mean between Baseline and Award was found to be less than 0.25. The authors would like to acknowledge the Hong Kong Healthy School Team of the Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong for their contributions to the projects. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. 2012;27(1):829. Adamowitch M, Gugglberger L, Dr W. Implementation practices in school health promotion: findings from an Austrian multiple-case study. The key issues are the use of the 'well-being concept', the definition of health and the subcategory 'means for self-fulfilment'. The WHO health promoting school framework for improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement. The full performance profile consists of over 90 indicators, and among those, there are still many indicators with significant change in mean scores measured at baseline and at time of award. Health promoting schools take a whole-school approach to the promotion of health, i.e. Additional Basic Requirements for HPS identified by ANOVA. PubMed Each of those selected core indicators was then correlated with the related student health outcomes measured by the Hong Kong Student Health Survey Questionnaire to further identify the core indicators. The schools were categorised into different levels of achievement (gold, silver and bronze award) based on their school profiles, and analysed the areas of strength and weakness according to the different components of guidelines of HKHSA [29, 36].
