God is the compassionate, slow to anger, abounding in covenant loyalty (cf. 2.that the attacks were to be coordinated through all the provinces on one day? The translations which use "right hand" (NRSV, TEV, NJB) require a textual emendation. 1. 5:13-17). "who preserves the covenant and lovingkindness" The first VERB (BDB1036, KB 1581, Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE) means "to keep," "ro watch," "to preserve." What are you looking for Book "The Post Exilic Prophets" ? It is possible that Esther was Hadassah's throne name, but this is unsubstantiated. There have been many theories about the authorship of this anonymous book. 8:l-14 This is a list of those Jewish people who returned from exile in Babylon with Ezra. 11:20 "each on his own inheritance" Originally the tribe of Levi did not inherit land. v. 4). NRSV"knives, twenty-nine" v. 4) even caused the Persian bureaucracy to be supportive of the Jewish issue! 9:7). Dan. What is the relationship between the books of Ezra and Nehemiah? 18:26). 4:21; 5:10,16). 10Then the king said to Haman, "Take quickly the robes and the horse as you have said, and do so for Mordecai the Jew, who is sitting at the king's gate; do not fall short in anything of all that you have said." 9:38 "we are making an agreement in writing" Although the word "covenant" is not used here, a similar but rare word is employed. on the Internet. 315-316) and re-establish their religious traditions was an attempt to assure loyalty and to try to appease the gods for his reign. If #2 Haman's offer of money was to pay for the military operation. 24 the sons of Hariph, 112; 6:6 "'What is to be for the man whom the king desires to honor'" The king is referring to Mordecai, but Haman thinks it is himself! Jerome did the same in his Latin Vulgate. II Chr. "while lifting up their hands; then they bowed low and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground" The normal posture for Jewish prayer was the hands and the open eyes uplifted to heaven (as if in conversation with God). 51:1,11; Hag. Jer. "'How long will your journey be'"The exact time envisioned by Nehemiah is not stated, but it probably was a short time. God is reducing the numbers so that He can show His power, provision, and care (e.g., Gideon, Jdgs. Cyrus' decree was found and official permission given to rebuild the Temple (cf. 9:17), and a reaffirmation of the stipulations of the covenant (which Israel had broken repeatedly, cf. c.Martin Luther, the Protestant reformer, said it should be excluded from the canon because it was too Judaistic (he also rejected James and Revelation). v. 3) and helped the whole nation (like Daniel and his three friends). NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 12:31-37 12They related Esther's words to Mordecai. Edom was condemned because of her: (1) pride in: (a) geographical security; (b) political alliances and military power; (c) commercial wealth and (d) traditional wisdom; (2) her violation of Judah: (a) rejoiced over the fall of Jerusalem; (b) refused to help; (c) active support of enemy; (d) took Judah's property; and (3) rejection of YHWH. What was the prophet in 6:10-14 trying to do? b.of His appearance (e.g., Jdgs. 38The second choir proceeded to the left, while I followed them with half of the people on the wall, above the Tower of Furnaces, to the Broad Wall, 39and above the Gate of Ephraim, by the Old Gate, by the Fish Gate, the Tower of Hananel and the Tower of the Hundred, as far as the Sheep Gate; and they stopped at the Gate of the Guard. Jdgs. Appendix: Timeline of the Post-Exilic Period. It developed a special connotation as the covenant word which describes God's loyalty and love to His covenant people. Israel alone was Yahwehs treasured possession but not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel as the apostle Paul understood in this new age (Rom 9:6). 2:55-59). There were the king's wives, concubines, and virgins. It is unusual to dedicate a wall in the OT, but in reality it offered protection for the holy city and its holy temple. This is the historical period when the term "Jew" takes on its modern usage. "You are a God" There are six specific things stated about God's character. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 7:61-65 The Hebrew words differ only by the second similar Hebrew letter (waw and yod). 10Haman controlled himself, however, went to his house and sent for his friends and his wife Zeresh. These two terms appear together in Deut. The listing of these specific dates in these last few chapters adds to the historicity of the book. READING CYCLE THREE (from "A Guide to Good Bible Reading"), FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT THE PARAGRAPH LEVEL. 21-35). NASB, NRSV, 32:8; 33:18; 34:15; Job 36:7; I Pet. A large number returned with Zerubbabel (i.e., 945 males) and possibly 300 more males with Ezra (cf. "and its towns" This is literally the Hebrew idiom "daughters.". Ezra came to Jerusalem in the seventh year of Artaxerxes I, 458 B.C., as the political/religious leader (7:8), with a third wave of returning Jewish exiles (7-10). 10We also asked them their names so as to inform you, and that we might write down the names of the men who were at their head. 7:57 "Sophereth" In Ezra 2:55 it is spelled Hassophereth; I Esdras 5:33 has "Assaphioth." 20:7-13). Their covenant God was faithful (cf. 2:7 "let letters be given me for the governors" This VERB (BDB 678, KB 733) is a Qal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense. And the advice pleased Haman, so he had the gallows made. "And killed Your prophets" God's people did not want to hear from God through His spokespersons so they silenced the speaker! 38 the sons of Senaah, 3,930. 19Also the utensils which are given to you for the service of the house of your God, deliver in full before the God of Jerusalem. 30 the men of Ramah and Geba, 621; "Mispar" This returning leader is called Mispereth in Neh. The thing he did for the Jews in the name of their God, he did for all the exiled peoples in the names of their gods. And their overseer was Zabdiel, the son of Haggedolim. "the contribution for the priest" The Jews tithed to the Levites (cf. C.The third wave of returnees under Ezra the Scribe (cf. 2. On the first of the month was the Feast of Trumpets, on the tenth of the month was the Day of Atonement (cf. web pages And the king granted them to me because the good hand of my God was on me. D.However, it is obvious from internal evidence that they were originally two books: 1.the extensive genealogical list of Ezra 2 is repeated in Neh. He returned to Jerusalem and laid the foundation of the temple (cf. And heard their cry by the Red Sea. 25Palal the son of Uzai made repairs in front of the Angle and the tower projecting from the upper house of the king, which is by the court of the guard. TEV"we all kept our weapons at hand" 22:3-11. 7Mordecai told him all that had happened to him, and the exact amount of money that Haman had promised to pay to the king's treasuries for the destruction of the Jews. I Esdras 6:32), or flogged (REB). Documenting one's ancestry was very important for the returning exiles to verify their tribal lineage. Ezek. 1:4. By request he was sent to Judah to establish order, stability, and protection. 17 the sons of Azgad, 2,322; 4, pp. 5:7; Zeph. Ezra 2:25; Neh. 32:30-33 or Daniel's in Dan. TEV"seven young women especially chosen" 24:20; Isa. 7b has "massage," p. 18, with oil of myrrh and other cosmetics, p. 23 (cf. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 2:5-7 12:23 "the book of the Chronicles" This does not refer to the biblical book of I & II Chronicles, but to the temple records which Ezra and Nehemiah draw from freely. He would overthrow enemies outside and within Israel alike. 50:17). 9:17). Love is a choice and an action as well as an emotion (cf. 3The king said, "What honor or dignity has been bestowed on Mordecai for this?" Baba Bathra 15a. 15Now when the turn of Esther, the daughter of Abigail the uncle of Mordecai who had taken her as his daughter, came to go in to the king, she did not request anything except what Hegai, the king's eunuch who was in charge of the women, advised. With the sacrificial altar they could begin the feast/rest/fast days of Lev. Who is this judge of the enemies of Gods people? 1. 3So now let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives and their children, according to the counsel of my lord and of those who tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law. C.Several silver bowls which were found at Succoth were inscribed "to Geshem's son Qainu," also confirm the historicity of Geshem the Arab in Ezra/Nehemiah, who ruled the kingdom of Kedar (cf. The Feast of Booths/Tabernacles starts on the 15th day. 19:4-6, esp. 45For they performed the worship of their God and the service of purification, together with the singers and the gatekeepers in accordance with the command of David and of his son Solomon. TEV"police servants". It can mean. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 10:16-17 Apparently, Ezra did not know about these foreign marriages and was greatly appalled when he heard about it. 2:6; Neh. 192 pages ; 22 cm Includes bibliographical references and index I. "let it be done according to the law" The VERB (BDB 793, KB 889) is a Niphal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense. Zech. I. You must not relinquish this to a commentator. . The heart, not a percentage, is the key in giving. Paul seems to pick up on the Joel passage in Romans 10:13: For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. Here we see that Paul refers it exclusively to Jesus Christ. Exod. v. 38). The heavens here would refer to the rising and setting of the sun (i.e., one end of the earth to the other, cf. How soon it followed their construction is uncertain. "Thou has made the heavens" This phrase is parallel to "the earth and all that is on it." 35Lod and Ono, the valley of craftsmen. TORRENT download. 21:3). B. 1:15-16 Ahasuerus's advisors made this event a national threat (not only of the king, but potentially of the other husbands) because of Vasti's precedent of disobedience in the presence of the other assembled wives. 60:1-3,19-20). The twenty-four divisions of King David (cf. 11So I reprimanded the officials and said, "Why is the house of God forsaken?" 20:2-3 and Deut. The term "forty" is a round, symbolic number. NJB"in terms of peace and loyalty" So Esther arose and stood before the king. . It sounds academic and is foreign to most of our vocabularies. 24As for their children, half spoke in the language of Ashdod, and none of them was able to speak the language of Judah, but the language of his own people. II Kgs. 7:69 The amounts and weights of valuable metals between Ezra and Nehemiah are very different. If this is so, then these three enemies denoted that the leaders of the regions surrounding Judah were all hostile. 23 and Num. The Hebrew literally is "each, his weapon, the waters." 3. v. 4). 10:32 "to contribute yearly one third of a shekel for the service of the house of our God" In Exod. These "nobles" (BDB 12 [this is a different word from 2:16]) seem to refer to the rich and landed aristocracy of the city of Tekoa (cf. "Nephushesim" In Ezra 2:50 this is spelled Nephisim. 2When the king saw Esther the queen standing in the court, she obtained favor in his sight; and the king extended to Esther the golden scepter which was in his hand. They also housed the money sent from Persia. It has a historical core which was embellished . 7 century B.C. 1. See SPECIAL TOPIC: ELECTION/PREDESTINATION AND THE NEED FOR A THEOLOGICAL BALANCE Versus Human Free Will at Neh. 12:10-11 was: a.not the same as Jaddua whom Josephus puts in the time of Alexander the Great (336- 323 b.c. NKJV, NRSV"we alone will build" . The selection we have made in this opportunity has all the books of the Old Testament in PDF format. 66Their horses were 736; their mules, 245; 67their camels, 435; their donkeys, 6,720. Deut. 36Behold, we are slaves today, 3:2; Neh. The implication of the list is that everyone agreed with the accusations and complaints against the newly returned Jews. His presence was unseen in this post-exilic period, as it is today. In this context it refers to the human person, his thought, and volitional processes. The Laws of Lipit-Ishtar (Sumerian), from the king of Isin (1934-1924 b.c. 4:1,6,9,13,14; 5:1; 6:4; 9:1; 20:3; 27:9-10). "the Horonite" This means that he was from one of the two Canaanite cities called Beth-horon; both were located in the old tribal allocation of Ephraim (cf. Next to him Hashabiah, the official of half the district of Keilah, carried out repairs for his district. Gen. 10:10). 3:1,20,21; 13:4,7,28), 1. a son of Bebai who married a pagan (cf. 2:1; 6:1; and even in Gen. 31:40. We know of him both from the Elephantine papyri and the Samaritan papyri. Deut. ". 9:15 "Thou art righteous" YHWH's character is exactly opposite of His people's! 10:13; I Sam. So it might be a standardized greeting/conclusion (like Shalom). 25:10) or the destruction of partially reconstructed walls; both positions quote Ezra 4:7-24 (esp. See Special Topic at 7:22. "Come, let us rebuild" The first VERB (BDB 229, KB 246) is a Qal IMPERATIVE. NASB, NKJV"scattered and dispersed" 15:31; 19:5; I Sam. 6:4; I Chr. 11:19 "the gatekeepers" These were also ancient families who were appointed to this special task at the temple (cf. 4. The reestablishment of the Mosaic worship of YHWH in Jerusalem by Zerubbabel and Joshua (cf. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 4:4-5 His mother was Zin's high priestess at Tema. View our current career opportunities. "let the men of that place support him" The support for the return trip was supplied by neighbors and kin. 11Malchijah the son of Harim and Hasshub the son of Pahath-moab repaired another section and the Tower of Furnaces. Neh. "Haman was filled with anger" The VERB (BDB 569, KB 583, Niphal IMPERFECT) expresses Haman's hatred (cf. .wicked" Esther combines a series of words (as v. 4) to describe the depth of her animosity toward Haman. The book of the Talmud which gives traditional Jewish views of the authorship of OT books (Baba Bathra 15a-16a) states that Ezra also wrote Chronicles. His technique was to infiltrate the Jewish wealthy class ("nobles") through marriages (cf. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 6:1-9 1. 1:1; 119:105; Prov. The Septuagint is much longer and includes the prayers of Mordecai and Esther. 15So I went up at night by the ravine and inspected the wall. 1.forgiving (BDB 699, used exclusively of God's forgiveness), 2.gracious (BDB 337, cf. Mission Perspective of the Eight Century Prophets, Exilic and Post-Exilic Prophets L. Zangtinlen Khongsai The roles of the prophets played within the institutions and settings varied with the times and within the historical circumstances. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. 1:5,11; Gen. 50:17; Exod. 9:17-27; 23:5; Ezra 2:42). G.The author/compiler used many sources. You must not relinquish this to a commentator. NJB"to rebuild this temple and complete this structure". Num. 2:12-16) and Abiathar's (cf. 3:18, "Shenazzar" or "Shenabazar" is the fourth son of exiled king Jeconiah [Jehoiachin]; Zerubbabel's father is Shealtiel, the first son, cf. 1:19). 21This word pleased the king and the princes, and the king did as Memucan proposed. 43The temple servants: the sons of Ziha, the sons of Hasupha, the sons of Tabbaoth, 1:31; Dan. "as needed" This phrase shows that the governmental provision was ongoing and expandable. 14:24; II Kgs. See SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY at Neh. 19:35; Eccl. 21of Hilkiah, Hashabiah; of Jedaiah, Nethanel. Slow to anger and abounding in lovingkindness; 27-29. I did not tell anyone what my God was putting into my mind to do for Jerusalem and there was no animal with me except the animal on which I was riding. 5Moreover, next to him the Tekoites made repairs, but their nobles did not support the work of their masters. C.God has reestablished the Covenant with the descendants of the Patriarchs. Canaan was a very fertile land in Moses' day (cf. However, it is obvious that these two colors were the royal colors of Persia. 5:14 "the temple of Babylon" Originally each city of Babylon had their own deity. 11.5.8 seems to surmise that there were several trumpeters stationed around the circumference of the city, which seems to be more practical. 2:19-23). 5. God is faithful to His covenant promises (cf. .to teach", I, even I, King Artaxerxes, issue a decree to all the treasurers who are, You, Ezra, according to the wisdom of your God which is in your hand, appoint magistrates and judges that they may judge all the people who are in, "the wisdom of your God which is in your hand", "Iddo and his brothers, the temple servants", The exiles who had come from the captivity offered burnt offerings to the God of Israel: 12 bulls for all Israel, 96 rams, 77 lambs, 12 male goats for a sin offering, all as a burnt offering to the, "twelve bulls, 96 rams, 77 lambs, 12 male goats", 9:1 "Now when these things had been completed", "the people of Israel and the priests and the Levites", 9:2 "for they had taken some of their daughters", "the hands of the princes and the rulers have been foremost in this unfaithfulness", "and pulled some of the hair from my head and my beard", 9:4 "everyone who trembled at the words of the God of Israel", 9:6 "I am ashamed. Dan. 13:6; Isa. TEV"stay away from the Temple". 6:19 The Aramaic section concludes at 6:18 and the Hebrew resumes until 7:12-26, which again is Aramaic. Notice that repentance is from sin and to God. 7:3 19They pledged to put away their wives, and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their offense. v. 7). "gave him the name Abraham" His original name "Abram" means "exalted Father" (BDB 4, KB 10). v. 14) or (2) a second group of virgins (the king's sexual freedom did not stop with his infatuation with Esther). It is contextually impossible to tell to what group this refers. 5:11; 69:36; 103:17-18; 119:132: 145:20; Jer. All their prophecies can be found and read in the Bible. 8:30-35. . NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 11:22-24 His irrational anger (cf. "Geba" This means "height" or "hill." 5Then my God put it into my heart to assemble the nobles, the officials and the people to be enrolled by genealogies. Why did Nehemiah want them to promise with an oath and threaten with a curse? Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the two Isaiahs made the most profound impressions on the religious development of the Israelite people. It is now known that it is an Akkadian loan word which denoted a means by which one could know the best timing for future events (cf. 22:29; 23:19; 34:26; Deut. Feast of Booths and regular sacrifices reinstated (cf.
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