Zone 2 contains streaky and prominent pyroninephilia from the apical pole to the nuclei on the cell surface. Rinkevich, Y.; Voskoboynik, A.; Rosner, A.; Rabinowitz, C.; Paz, G.; Oren, M.; Douek, J.; Alfassi, G.; Moiseeva, E.; Ishizuka, K.J. . 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12020245, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Oisi Y, Fujimoto S, Ota KG, Kuratani S. On the peculiar morphology and development of the hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and hypobranchial muscles in the hagfish. and A.J. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Hemichordate genomes and deuterostome origins. In lamprey larvae, the transformation to thyroid follicles during endostyle metamorphosis gives a recapitulation of thyroid organ emergence in vertebrate evolution, which makes it acknowledged that the evolutionary origin of the thyroid gland lies in endostyle epithelial compartments [, Immune activity is also a key function in the endostyle as the direct exposure to seawater. For the convenience of sample collection, each endostyle was evenly divided into three continuous segments. Blood circulation in the ascidian tunicate Corella inflata (Corellidae). ; White, S.; Cheever, A.W. There are noticeable functional and structural differences between dorsal and ventral cylinders. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Godeaux, J. Mol Endocrinol. Origin and early evolution of the vertebrates: New insights from advances in molecular biology, anatomy, and palaeontology. Chapter [5], Early beliefs of the endostyle included the idea by Muller in 1873 stating that the endostyle that reside in the ammocoete has extremely similar functions as the protochordate hypobranchial groove. How to Become a Zoologist | EnvironmentalScience.org Discovery of fossil lamprey larva from the Lower Cretaceous reveals its three-phased life cycle. Serra M, Alysandratos KD, Hawkins F, McCauley KB, Jacob A, Choi J, et al. Google Scholar. The total RNA was extracted from the frozen or fresh whole embryos using the ISOGEN reagent (Nippon Gene, Toyama, Japan). A ciliated groove on the mid-ventral surface of the pharynx of ammocoetes. Onai T, Lin HC, Schubert M, Koop D, Osborne PW, Alvarez S, et al. Zoology is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of both living and extinct animals. ; RNA sequence data analysis: A.J. is that endostyle is (zoology) a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles, found in urochordates and cephalochordates and in the larvae of lampreys while urostyle is (anatomy) a styliform process forming the posterior extremity of the vertebral column in some fishes and amphibi. The cryosection was pasted onto adhesion microscope slides and persevered at 80 C. Fujita, H.; Nanba, H. Fine structure and its functional properties of the endostyle of ascidians, Sasaki, A.; Miyamoto, Y.; Satou, Y.; Satoh, N.; Ogasawara, M. Novel endostyle-specific genes in the ascidian. Article Ota KG, Kuraku S, Kuratani S. Hagfish embryology with reference to the evolution of the neural crest. Encyclopedia.com. This once again made the endostyle a very pertinent topic of research by a multitude of scientists. The expression of Nkx2-1/2-4, Pax2/5/8, and Hhex [32] orthologs in the endostyle of chordates, including the modern lampreys, may be responsible for thyroidal functions but not for its development. 2005;233:10317. The food particles suspended in the water adhere to the mucus it produces. While all modern lampreys go through a larval phase for approximately 28 years and reach maturity only after metamorphosis [34], modern hagfishes develop into the adult morphology directly after hatching [18]. ; Thorpe, A. In gnathostomes, the shared developmental origin of the thyroid is an endodermal thickening at the level of the first pharyngeal pouch close to the endothelial lining of the anterior end of the fused endocardial tubes (aortic sac) [3, 19]. The dorsal glandular region is rich in either cystin, cysteine, or lipid solutions. 5th ed. Recent research has concluded that cephalochordate and tunicate endostyles have the ability to capture iodine, thus further perpetuating new research. Newly identified cDNA sequences of catshark Pax2, 5, 8, Hhex, hagfish Pax2/5/8A, B, Hhex, and lamprey Pax2/5/8B have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers LC495438 - LC495447. It is found in adult urochordates and cephalochordates, as well as in the larvae of the vertebrate lampreys,[1] but has been transformed through evolutionary time into the thyroid in all other vertebrates. Meanwhile, different from gnathostomes, the broad pharyngeal expression of Nkx2-1/2-4 prior to the initiation of the development of endostyle and thyroid was shared in lamprey and hagfish. Ogasawara, M. Overlapping expression of amphioxus homologs of the thyroid transcription factor-1 gene and thyroid peroxidase gene in the endostyle: Insight into evolution of the thyroid gland. Barrington, E.J. Development. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries. Nilsson, M.; Fagman, H. Development of the thyroid gland. WT and SK conceived the project, designed the experiments, and wrote the paper. . Transcript-level expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with HISAT, StringTie and Ballgown. The choroid is a middle layer of tissue of the wall of the eye, which is composed almost entirely of blood vessels functioning as the blood supplier of the retina. You seem to have javascript disabled. This animal anatomyrelated article is a stub. Thus, the regionally confined expression patterns of Nkx2-1/2-4, Pax2/5/8, and Hhex in the endostyles of the lamprey and non-vertebrate chordates imply that these transcription factors do not orchestrate a regulatory network that forms either the endostyle or thyroid follicle. A, D, G, K, L, S, T Filled and open arrowheads indicate the presence and absence of signals, respectively. 2001;128:352131. ; Sinha, R.; Okamoto, J.; Mantalas, G.; et al. Gillotay, P.; Shankar, M.; Haerlingen, B.; Sema Elif, E.; Pozo-Morales, M.; Garteizgogeascoa, I.; Reinhardt, S.; Krnkel, A.; Blsche, J.; Petzold, A.; et al. The distributions of thyroid-related genes including Pax2/5/8 and Nkx2-1/2-4 orthologs in adult amphioxi and tunicates similarly do not extend to the entire endostyle in cross-sectional view. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). they achieve sexual maturity and reproduce without losing the larval form. The endostyle is also found in the filter-feeding ammocoete larvae of modern lampreys, and a portion of the epithelial cells of the ammocoete endostyle re-differentiates and transforms into thyroid follicles during metamorphosis [14] (Fig. Nat Ecol Evol. Dev Biol. It has two semi-circular lips enclosing an aperture which leads into an oesophagus. Endostyle is homologus with thyroid gland of vertebrates. Springer Nature. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely Endostyle - Wikipedia Privacy 4A). positive feedback from the reviewers. Electron-microscopic studies of iodine-binding and peroxidase activity in the endostyle of the larval amphioxus (. In: Hauptmann G, editor. Xu, W.; Zhao, X.; Wang, X.; Feng, H.; Gou, M.; Jin, W.; Wang, X.; Liu, X.; Dong, C. The transcription factor Tox2 drives T follicular helper cell development via regulating chromatin accessibility. Canestro, C.; Bassham, S.; Postlethwait, J.H. Zone 3 contains a granulated apical border. S1A), the thyroid follicle is a common functional unit and an evolutionary novelty of vertebrates [3]. 2023. Study Zoology: All you need to know | Study.eu Ballard WW, Mellinger J, Lechenault H. A series of normal stages for development of Scyliorhinus canicula, the lesser spotted dogfish (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae). The study was approved by the Ocean University of China Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (OUC-IACUC) before the initiation of the study. For example, the Nkx2-1/2-4 ortholog is not expressed in the thyroid-equivalent elements in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, and the Pax2/5/8 ortholog is not expressed in part of the supporting elements in the cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri [12]. Transformation of the endostyle into the thyroid gland during the metamorphosis of lampreys is thus deemed to be a recapitulation of a past event in vertebrate evolution. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. ; Brackenbury, R.; Edelman, G.M. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Furthermore, even in the hemichordate embryo which does not have an endostyle, the expression of Nkx2-1/2-4 is evident in the pharyngeal endoderm [28]. Correspondence to 4A). 2021;591:40812. Cookies policy. Expression patterns of cyclostome- and lamprey-specific paralogues. Alternatively, the LCA of modern vertebrates may have lost the primitive endostyle following the acquisition of thyroid follicles (Fig. Secretion accumulation and secretion may also accumulate in Zone 5. 3K, K and Additional file 1: Fig. The authors read and approved the final manuscript. 1983;58:128. Jena: Gustav Fischer; 1899. p. 22076. . The endostyle is an anatomical feature found in invertebrate chordates and larval lampreys. As nouns the difference between endostyle and eurostyle is that endostyle is (zoology) a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles, found in urochordates and cephalochordates and in the larvae of lampreys while eurostyle is european style. The genetic basis of developmental mechanisms underlying endostyle formation remains largely unknown, and comparative single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the developing endostyles of non-vertebrate chordates and larval lampreys may elucidate similarities and differences in the GRN involved in morphogenesis. 2000;210:23142. Fig. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12020245, Jiang A, Zhang W, Wei J, Liu P, Dong B. [49], respectively. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. The nucleotide sequences of catshark Pax2, 5, 8, and Hhex were obtained from assembled transcriptome database Squalomix (https://transcriptome.riken.jp/squalomix/) [47]. The accumulation of radioactive iodine by Amphioxus. and P.L. The ectoderm and endoderm are colored light blue and yellow, respectively. Cell shape, spatial patterns of cilia, and mucus-net construction in the ascidian endostyle. ." The plasmids containing lamprey Nkx2-1/2-4 paralogues (Nkx2-1/2-4A, B, C) generated in a previous study were used for probe synthesis [25]. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without This contains alternate bands of ciliated and glandular cells. 2C, F, I). The endostyle is the postulated evolutionary precursor of the vertebrate thyroid, occurring in filter-feeding non-vertebrate chordates in an anatomical position similar to that of the thyroid [8,9,10] (Additional file 1: Fig. Advances in Aquatic Invertebrate Stem Cell Research. The expression profile of each two segments was compared to obtain DEGs. Although the general anatomy of the vertebrate thyroid gland is highly diverse (Additional file 1: Fig. There is no evidence of secretory activity within this zone. [4], Cylinder opening cells are identified as type 2 cells. Alesci, A.; Pergolizzi, S.; Lo Cascio, P.; Capillo, G.; Lauriano, E.R. The integrity and quality of the total RNA was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis and Nanodrop spectrophotometry (Eppendorf). //]]>. S4, S5). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Sugahara F, Murakami Y, Adachi N, Kuratani S. Evolution of the regionalization and patterning of the vertebrate telencephalon: what can we learn from cyclostomes? [4], Dorsal cylinder cells are identified by irregular strands between nuclei and the middle of the gland cylinder. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals thyrocyte diversity in the zebrafish thyroid gland. Higuchi S, Sugahara F, Pascual-Anaya J, Takagi W, Oisi Y, Kuratani S. Inner ear development in cyclostomes and evolution of the vertebrate semicircular canals. The endostyle is an anatomical feature found in invertebrate chordates and larval lampreys. Ogasawara M. Overlapping expression of amphioxus homologs of the thyroid transcription factor-1 gene and thyroid peroxidase gene in the endostyle: insight into evolution of the thyroid gland. ." Anat Anz. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. The novel hypothesis that the crown lamprey secondarily acquired the endostyle thus warrants further testing via future studies. In addition, the endostyle has an iodine-concentrating activity and is therefore thought to be functionally . Biology 2023, 12, 245. Furthermore, to compare molecular developmental signatures between the development of thyroids in hagfish and gnathostome and that of the endostyle in lamprey, we examined expression profiles of orthologs of the abovementioned thyroid transcription factor genes (Nkx2-1, Pax8, and Hhex) during the development of E. burgeri, the cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame), and the Arctic lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum). Zone 4 is nearly the same as the dorsal glandular tract. Crown group of cyclostomes have retained the early and broad expression of Nkx2-1/2-4. The endostyle is a grooved organ partially encircled by ciliated epithelia tissue and longitudinally extended through the ventral wall of the pharynx [, Besides the mucus secretion for food particle packaging and digestion, research has shown certain epithelial cell clusters are capable of concentrating iodine [, During the process of individual development, the endostyle is generally believed to be originated from the endoderm [, As the particularity and novelty of the endostyle are possessed only by non-vertebrate chordates and ammocoete in Cyclostomata, the evolutionary status of the endostyle has long been discussed along with the origin of the thyroid organ. What is the function of endostyle in Protochordates? . Unlike the initiation of the thyroid development in hagfish and gnathostomes, evagination of the lamprey endostyle primordium from the midline pharyngeal endoderm occurs from the 2nd to 4th pharyngeal arches, and only the posterior end of the endostyle is in contact with the bifurcation site of the aortic sac [2] (Fig. Matsubara, S.; Osugi, T.; Shiraishi, A.; Wada, A.; Satake, H. Comparative analysis of transcriptomic profiles among ascidians, zebrafish, and mice: Insights from tissue-specific gene expression. Here, we showed that the thyroid gland of hagfish undergoes direct development from the ventrorostral pharyngeal endoderm, where the previously described endostyle-like primordium was not found. Article In the context of thyroid evolution, the lack of a larval phase in stem lampreys suggests an alternative hypothesis, namely, that the primitive endostyle (which is retained in modern non-vertebrate chordates) was lost in the LCA of vertebrates, and the endostyle present in modern lampreys represents secondary acquisition. Zone 11 cells more closely resemble the characteristics and makeup of Zone 2. Here, more than 3000 tissue-enriched genes of 27 organs were obtained from the protein atlas of, As a pharyngeal organ uniquely possessed by protochordates and basal vertebrates, the endostyle has long been characterized as a mucus-secretory organ facilitating the filter-feeding process. Yoshida, K.; Nakahata, A.; Treen, N.; Sakuma, T.; Yamamoto, T.; Sasakura, Y. Hox-mediated endodermal identity patterns pharyngeal muscle formation in the chordate pharynx. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Wataru Takagi or Shigeru Kuratani. ; writingoriginal draft preparation: A.J. ; Nakanishi, R.; Sasakura, Y.; Ogasawara, M. Nkx2-1 and FoxE regionalize glandular (mucus-producing) and thyroid-equivalent traits in the endostyle of the chordate, Yamagishi, M.; Huang, T.; Hozumi, A.; Onuma, T.A. S3F-J). The life histories of hagfish and lamprey differ conspicuously. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for Interestingly, a few genes with distinct expressed trends for segments were also detected, including proto-oncogene c-Fos-like in the posterior part, and the protein rolling stone in the anterior part. Google Scholar. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Uhln, M.; Fagerberg, L.; Hallstrm, B.M. Barrington, E.J.W. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Pax2/5/8 and Hhex. Recently, Miyashita et al. Zone 8 exists on the lateral edge of the endostyle groove. It is also releases disease-resistant carbohydrates. On the embryology of Bdellostoma stouti. What is the function of endostyle and urostyle? - Answers Zoologists study animals and their interactions with ecosystems. Furthermore, gene expression profiles in the endostyle of metamorphosing lampreys may also provide insights into the mechanisms of how the thyroid GRN is induced during the development. (July 1, 2023). Z Med Naturwiss. Among them, Nkx2-1 (previously termed thyroid transcription factor-1), Pax8, and Hhex form a mutually dependent gene regulatory network (GRN) [19, 20]. Cancer Res. Future research is needed to determine if the material in the mucosal substance has any metabolic purpose more than trapping food. Ogasawara M, Shigetani Y, Suzuki S, Kuratani S, Satoh N. Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) gene in the ventral forebrain and endostyle of the agnathan vertebrate, Lampetra japonica. For more information, please refer to Anatomical and molecular reinvestigation of lamprey endostyle development provides new insight into thyroid gland evolution. What Does a Zoologist Do? Endostyle Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Genes Dev. PubMed Central PubMed Endostyle vs Eurostyle - What's the difference? | WikiDiff 1997;14:37590. Meanwhile, according to the alternative hypothesis, the fossil lamprey (Mesomyzon mengae) from the early Cretaceous has an ammocoete larval phase [39], suggesting that the endostyle in the modern lamprey lineage was likely acquired after the Palaeozoic. All experiments and relevant methods were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines and regulations of OUC-IACUC (No. 1993;267:31836. Meanwhile the endostyle extends longitudinally through the ventral wall of the pharyngeal sac, collaboratively constituting the pharynx of the ascidian. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"lYrAnr_oVq5qULOH2Vzsov56KNf6C.WcelwMjFn.blI-86400-0"}; Endostyle and thyroid glands of chordates. The endostyle is an epithelial exocrine gland found in non-vertebrate chordates (amphioxi and tunicates) and the larvae of modern lampreys. Encyclopedia.com. M, Q, U Diagram of gene expression in the endostyle is shown in the boxes. The posterior region of the pharynx is known as oesophageal area, around which all the folds of the pharynx converge. Several peri-midline sagittal sections previously stained by in situ hybridization were used for histological observations in the present study. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Integr Comp Biol. Sakashita, C.; Fukuda, T.; Okabe, S.; Kobayashi, H.; Hirosawa, S.; Tokuhisa, T.; Miyasaka, N.; Miura, O.; Miki, T. Cloning and characterization of the human BAZF gene, a homologue of the BCL6 oncogene. Thus, the comparable topological relationships of the developing thyroid and the precardiac mesoderm, a possible specifier of thyroid origins, between hagfish and gnathostomes implies that the direct development of the thyroid gland may represent an ancestral condition in the LCA of modern vertebrates. B Classical evolutionary hypothesis of the relationship between the endostyle and the thyroid based on the previous studies. This will include some microbiology (single-celled organisms) but is more focused on multi-cellular life (such as Daphnia and plankton), invertebrates (insects, molluscs, etc. 2013;23:47583. A Dictionary of Biology. New alternative evolutionary scenario for the endostyle and thyroid gland. Hiruta, J.; Mazet, F.; Yasui, K.; Zhang, P.; Ogasawara, M. Comparative expression analysis of transcription factor genes in the endostyle of invertebrate chordates. Endostyle | anatomy | Britannica Eptatretus burgeri embryos were obtained as per a previous protocol [24, 40] and fixed as described previously [17, 25, 41]. Functions of the endostyle in the tunicates. A Dictionary of Zoology. Nature. Furthermore, in mice, frogs, and zebrafish, extrinsic factors, such as FGF2 and BMP4, presumably secreted from the precardiac mesoderm, have been shown to induce thyroid fate [19, 26]. The cytoplasm in Zone 4 contains large amounts of pyroninophile material. 1997;214:30217. ; Hemperly, J.J.; Murray, B.A. Since the ventral pharynx of the hagfish embryo is rostroventrally everted in early development, the position of the hagfish thyroid anlage is difficult to identify based on the level of the pharyngeal arches [10]. Part of Fig. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. It is found in adult urochordates and cephalochordates , as well as in the larvae of the vertebrate lampreys, [1] but has been transformed through evolutionary time into the thyroid in all other . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. There are no cilia in Zone 11 and the cells have a unique cytoplasm. ; Ramalingam, T.; Wilson, M.S. Gene evolution and gene expression after whole genome duplication in fish: The PhyloFish database. 1A). A Dictionary of Zoology. Reconstructed images were obtained using Avizo software, version 9.4 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). 3S). 2 and Additional file 1: Fig. . 2003). This discipline can include animal anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, evolution, ecology, behaviour and conservation. In other words, our findings suggest that the developmental GRNs for the endostyle and thyroid organogenesis have an independent and distinct modular nature. Before library construction, the quality of RNA was finally analyzed by Agilent 2100 bioanalysis. In a transcriptional expression profile comparison analysis (, Meanwhile, the level of shared expression of the organ/tissue-enriched gene homolog of human was used as a similarity between human tissues and the endostyle. The acquisition of the thyroid and the subsequent loss of primitive endostyle occurred prior to the divergence of gnathostome and cyclostome lineages (Fig. Welcker, D.; Stein, C.; Feitosa, N.M.; Armistead, J.; Zhang, J.L. The GO enrichment analysis on all expressed genes was obtained, implying the function of protein synthesis and the secretion process. 2009;312:82740. At stage 24, Hhex was expressed bilaterally at both ends of the diverticulum (Fig. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. The endostyle is an iodine-binding organ present in the tunicate and cephalochordate pharynx and is considered by many researchers to be a homologous organ to the vertebrate thyroid (Sasaki et al. The tissue sections of hagfish embryos were prepared in a previous study [17]. Evolution and Development of the Chordates: Collagen and Pharyngeal Miccadei S, De Leo R, Zammarchi E, Natali PG, Civitareale D. The synergistic activity of thyroid transcription factor 1 and Pax 8 relies on the promoter/enhancer interplay. A Dictionary of Zoology. Kim, D.; Paggi, J.M. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. We identified an additional Pax2/5/8 paralogue in cyclostomes, termed Pax2/5/8B (Additional file 1: Fig. PubMed Central 1996;10:609. Maag, J.L.V. All processes of fixation and sucrose sinkage were conducted at the temperature of 4 C. Konrad MW. AI and JU hagfish and lamprey embryos, respectively. Its studies include the structure , embryology , classification , habits , and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct , and how they interact with their ecosystems . Mts, L.; Korpos, E.; Dak, F.; Liu, Z.; Beier, D.R. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. In amphioxus. It is an organ which assists chordates in filter-feeding. and A.J. [5], Early beliefs of the endostyle included the idea by Muller in 1873 stating that the endostyle that reside in the ammocoete has extremely similar functions as the protochordate hypobranchial groove. Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of Nkx2-1/2-4 shared by hagfish and lamprey are similar to those of orthologous genes during the endostyle development in non-vertebrate chordates [13]. "Endostyle - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics", "Endostyles and endostylar secretions: A comparative histochemical study", The Metamorphosis of the Endostyle (Thyroid Gland) of, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endostyle&oldid=1162204247, This page was last edited on 27 June 2023, at 16:50. The volcano plot shows DEGs of each two comparing groups (, A few genes with expressional longitudinal change gradients can be seen in the heatmap (, Meanwhile, some genes with expression patterns enriched in the posterior part of the endostyle were also defined (, OSGs are important in understanding organ development and function. Encyclopedia.com. WT, FS, SH1, RK, JP-A, IS, YO, NO, HM, and NA performed experiments. When using Hale's dialysed iron method, Zone 2 of the endostyle is the darkest definitive region. Endostyle - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics 2018;28:82538. 2007;446:6725. Lancelets contain many organs and organ systems that are closely related to those of modern fish, but in more primitive form. Endostyle | Encyclopedia.com What happens to the endostyle? ; Leek, J.T. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, During evolution of the primitive chordates, the endostyle was organized in their common ancestor(s) with a shift to internal feeding for extracting suspended food from the water.
