If one should consume what has been stored indoors, cooked outside, cooked by oneselves: an offense of two wrong doings. Although frugality may be a virtue, there are times when other considerations supercede it. We refused his offer. and my heart sank. A special allowance in the Cullavagga (V.26) states that if food accidentally falls while being offered, a bhikkhu may pick it up himself and eat it without committing an offense. The Vinaya records the Buddha's rules of discipline for monks and nuns. The Vinaya, then, is quite clear on this matter. If they have taken onions, they should stay there for three days. One should not consume what is stored indoors, cooked indoors, cooked by oneself; or what was formally accepted after having been picked up: Whoever should consume it: an offense of wrong doing. The Buddha said that if there is any doubt or a concept that is not clear, one should check with Sutta , Vinaya, and Abhidhamma. I allow anything falling while being presented to be picked up by oneself and eaten. The seven are. Because the treatise is a compilation of the opinions of various teachers and does not pretend to explain the meaning or intent of the Buddhas wordsand because the Buddha warned bhikkhus against making up their own rules (NP15.1.2)the opinions expressed in the treatise are not necessarily normative. Siha was making the ethical distinction between buying meat already prepared for sale and ordering a certain animal to be killed, a distinction which is not obvious to many westerners but which recurs throughout the Buddhas own teachings. The Buddha once suspended it during famine but then later reinstated it in such a way that there is no provision for suspending it ever again (Mv.VI.17-20. Though solid foods are disallowed outside of the morning period, other substances were allowed in the afternoon or evening, especially where there is a need such as sickness. Siha had been a famous lay supporter of the Jain monks but he was so impressed and inspired by the Teachings he heard from the Buddha that he took refuge in the Triple Gem (i.e. Thus, if one consumes food stored indoors that one has cooked oneself, one incurs two dukkaas. All beings have a right to their lives and that right should be respected. According to the Commentary, indoors here means in an akappiya-kui (a building that has not been designated as a food storage place) that would count as a same lodging with a bhikkhu under Pc5 & 6. If the donor is standing beyond reach, the bhikkhu should tell him/her to come within reach before donating the food. WASHINGTON The Supreme Court on Friday ruled in favor of an evangelical Christian web designer from Colorado who refuses to work on same-sex weddings, dealing a setback to LGBTQ rights.. Vinaya: [noun] a code of monastic disciplinary rules in Buddhism. The act of giving food and other edibles, as described in the Vibhaga, has three factors: 1) The donor (an unordained person) is standing within reachone hatthapsa, or 1.25 metersof the bhikkhu. Given the cursory manner in which the Vibhaga treats this rule, and given the large gray areas surrounding the act of givingmodern anthropology started with this subject and will probably never finish with itits good to have those areas spelled out in detail so as to minimize any disharmony that might arise in a Community when its members find themselves in gray situations. (c) He/she makes a gesture of offering the food. One suggestion for resolving this issue would be to borrow a page from the Commentarys treatment of a revoked banishment-transaction (see Sg13). Thus, if one abandons food received today then, regardless of whether one has abandoned desire for it, if one accepts it again on a later day and eats it, one commits the full offense under this rule all the same. For instance, a person riding on the bhikkhus shoulders picks a piece of fruit from a tree, drops it into the bhikkhus hands, and it is considered properly given. Monks and nuns may eat meat. The Patimokkha of the Vinaya, the rules for the bhikkhus and bhikkhunis states that the monastics should eat only one meal per day, at around 12 noon. vinaya(T. 'dul ba ; C. l; J. ritsu; K. yul ) is the corpus of rules and regulations for Buddhist monastics, particularly with regard to fully ordained monks (bhiksu) and nuns (bhiksuni). Of these seven actions, the Commentarys treatise appended to this rule discusses only two(e) and (f)in a series of examples, as follows: A bhikkhu with rice in his hand offers it to a novice: The rice remains given until the novice takes it. 1. Modern scholarship Addition of Vinaya rules. Life-long medicine mixed with day-long food, when received that day, is allowable through the watches of the night, but not when the watches of the night have passed. Monks and nuns may eat meat. Because the opinions expressed in this section of the Commentary are not necessarily normative, this is an area where one can make allowances for cultural norms. Viewed in context, though, the example does not imply this at all. The Commentary, though, asserts that when a bhikkhu takes, not for food but simply to assuage his thirst, a juice drink stored overnight, he incurs a pcittiya with every swallow. (This last alternative apparently applies to the salt, sugar, oil, and ghee; people ordinarily would not be giving uncooked rice, beans, or green gram for alms.) 1) Is the permission for a salt horn permissible? The Vibhaga defines finer staple foods as any of the nine foods mentioned in the rule, either on their own or mixed with other foods. I allow that provisions for a journey be sought out: husked rice by one who has need of husked rice, green gram by one who has need of green gram, black-eyed peas () by one who has need of black-eyed peas, salt by one who has need of salt, sugar-lumps by one who has need of sugar-lumps, oil by one who has need of oil, ghee by one who has need of ghee.Mv.VI.34.21, One should not eat from the same dish (with another person) (or) drink from the same cup. According to Buddhist legend, the Buddha's disciple Upali knew the . sthaviras, broke away from the . The Commentary here is interpreting mukha-dvra, literally the door of the face, as the larynx, and not the opening of the lips. Thus in cases where the bhikkhu is not giving away the food and has not abandoned interest in itand the unordained person is not stealing itthere is no reason to hold that given food becomes ungiven simply when an unordained person touches or moves it. A long section of this treatise discusses what to do if things that are not given get into food that has been given. The Commentary is apparently importing one of the non-offense clauses from NP23 to this rule, but that is a misapplication of the Great Standards. Stored-up means formally accepted by a bhikkhu (see Pc40, below) on one day and eaten on the next or a later day. Chestnut also told Insider that it takes two full days to start feeling normal after a competition. Should any bhikkhu take into his mouth an edible that has not been givenexcept for water and tooth-cleaning sticks ()it is to be confessed. Staple food here, as usual, follows the standard definition given in the preface to this chapter. Even the Buddha ate meat. (PDF) The Consumption of Garlic: Vinaya Rules - ResearchGate Whether other bhikkhus may receive it and make use of it, though, is a controversial point discussed in the Commentary in a treatise separate from its explanation of the Vibhaga (see below). I allow all leaf-juice except for the juice of cooked () vegetables. A bhikkhu who is not ill, requesting any of the finer staple foods for his own use, incurs a dukkaa for every request he makes, a dukkaa for accepting the food with the intention of eating it, and a pcittiya for every mouthful he eats. The inclusion of this factor, though, has given rise to the assumption that the donor must lift the food a certain distance before handing it to the bhikkhu, but the Commentary itself shows that this assumption is mistaken, for it states that if a small novice too weak to lift a pot of rice simply slides it along the table or floor onto a bhikkhus hand, it is properly given. General Siha then invited the Buddha, together with the large number of monks accompanying Him, to a meal at his house in the city the following morning. Nothing could be further from the truth - I was a strict vegetarian for three years before I became a monk. Factor (c) means that the donor cannot simply tell the bhikkhu to take the food being given. I've read that many vinaya rules were based on how the laity would see the Sangha- eat lots would make the sangha look like gluttons, so they only took two meals. For these reasons, there seem to be no grounds for accepting the allowance as valid. Another issue not discussed in any of the texts is what to do if the people who received the request or knew of it continue to offer food of the sort requested. There is also no offense in telling an unordained person to store food that has not been formally received. This precept applies to all living beings not just humans. What is the permission for among villages? (d) becoming a low person (according to the Sub-commentary, this means committing a prjika). If he should eat more than that, it is to be confessed. , Stored-up Food: A Discussion of Pcittaya 38. These points from the Commentarys treatise may seem like a lot of hair-splitting, but remember that the gift of food ranks with sexual temptation as one of the largest issues in a bhikkhusor anyoneslife. In this article I will discuss the four Parajika - the disrobing offences. Insider recommends waking up with Morning Brew, a . The same holds true with water into which so many leaves or flowers have fallen that their taste is discernible in the water. the y sho ul d b e tr eat ed as a s et of n orm at ive g uid eli ne s, ra the r th an ev ide nc e of . Also, Nikaya Buddhism's central problem to be solved was desire & aversion, so it was the fixation on hunger that was the problem, not that dinner was making one fat, unhealthy or . Vinaya: What The Buddha Said About Eating Meat - satima.net Perception as to whether the food has actually been formally given is not a mitigating factor here (see Pc4). Factor (e): The effort involved in receiving the item may be minimal indeed. Food Navigation Vinaya / BMC / Food The three main classes of foodstaple foods, non-staple foods, and juice drinkshave already been discussed in BMC1 under the Food Chapter of the pcittiya rules. If a bhikkhu accepts, sets aside, and then eats any of the four kinds of edibles all within their permitted time periodse.g., he receives bread in the morning, sets it aside, and then eats it before that noon; or receives honey today, sets it aside, and takes it as a tonic tomorrowthere is no offense. Thus a bhikkhu whowith the intention of eating itpicks up an edible he knows has not been given may not later make it allowable by formally receiving it from an unordained person. Perhaps it is allowable on the grounds of being a digestive aid. Once, while Uppalavanna was meditating alone in the afternoon in the Blind-Mens Grove, a secluded forest outside of the city of Savatthi, some thieves passed by. In other words, it does not have to be the original recipient. (d) The donor is a deva, a human being, or a common animal. Here again there is a controversy as to whether toothpaste comes under this exception as well. This is an interesting idea, but was included probably just to wake up sleepy students in the back of the room. However, He instituted certain rules as and when the need arose. A bhikkhu should not eat from the same dish or drink from the same cup with anyone else at all, lay or ordained. There is no offense in the mere act of storing food. However there are some meats which are specifically prohibited for monks to eat: human meat, for obvious reasons; meat from elephants and horses as these were then considered royal animals; dog meat as this was considered by ordinary people to be disgusting; and meat from snakes, lions, tigers, panthers, bears and hyenas because one who had just eaten the flesh of such dangerous jungle animals was thought to give forth such a smell as to draw forth revenge from the same species! These rules were repeated in the nuns' Vinaya, prohibiting a nun being alone with men for similar reasons. In Svatth, in the Sutta Vibhaga (Pc38). Not ill means that one is able to fare comfortably without these foods. This point, however, does not apply to food the bhikkhu leaves in his own bowl or in any Community vessel from which the bhikkhus are served or in which their food is prepared. Whoever should consume these is to be dealt with in accordance with the rule (Pc35).Mv.VI.32.2, Day-long food (juice drinks) mixed with time-period (morning) food, when received that day, is allowable in the time period, but not outside of the time period. Thus these rules of Vinaya do not rely on punishment but rather urging greater mindfulness and restraint so that the same mistake will not be repeated. Both the Old and New K/Sub-commentaries note this point, and say the abandoning in the second sentence means abandoning without desire. In other words, the Commentarys allowance is meant to apply only in cases where one has abandoned both the food and any desire to receive it back. The Commentary redefines the act of giving, expanding its factors to five: (a) The item is such that a man of average stature can lift it. Perception as to whether one is actually ill is not a mitigating factor here (see Pc4). Uppalavanna picked up the meat and resolved to give it to the Buddha. Life-long medicine mixed with seven-day medicine, when received, is allowable for seven days, but not when the seven days have passed.Mv.VI.40.3. Whether such things as boiled water, bottled water, and man-made ice should also come under this exception is a controversial point. Traditionally, garlic is used as an antibiotic and to ward off colds and flu. When the Jain monks heard of their erstwhile patrons conversion to Buddhism and the meal that he was preparing for the Buddha and the monks, they were somewhat peeved: Now at the time many Niganthas (Jain monks), waving their arms, were moaning from carriage road to carriage road, from cross road to cross road in the city: Today a fat beast, killed by Siha the general, is made into a meal for the recluse Gotama (the Buddha), the recluse Gotama makes use of this meat knowing that it was killed on purpose for him, that the deed was done for his sake [1]. The second-place winner earned $5,000; the third-place winner $2,500; the fourth-place winner $1,500; and the fifth . 2023 Buddhist Society of Western Australia. The Sub-commentary, in discussing this point, maintains that tigers milk, bears milk, etc., are not unallowable, simply that they would not come under this rule. In today's society where allegations of sexual abuse are rife, and are often just one person's word against another's, keeping these important rules is more than just a protection from the opportunity for abuse, but also a guard . None of the texts discuss whether cooked oneself under this prohibition means that a bhikkhu may eat food cooked by another bhikkhu, or if it should also be translated as cooked oneselves, meaning that bhikkhus may not eat food fixed by any bhikkhus. However, Mv.VI.33.2 states that food may be stored indoors in a monastery only in a building designated for the purpose (this would include the dwelling of anyone who is not a bhikkhusee BMC2, Chapter7). No specific penalty is given for taking them on the following day, but inferring from the Vibhaga to this rule we can use the Great Standards to say that the penalty would be a dukkaa. The bhikkhu has offered the hardened molasses to the novice, and the novice in picking it up simply completes the factors for case (e): The bhikkhu gives the item to an unordained person. The example of the novice taking rice from a bhikkhus bowl shows that even when a bhikkhu offers food to an unordained person, the mere fact that the person touches or moves the food does not necessarily make the food ungiven.. A group meal, except at the proper occasions, is to be confessed. (Pc38 imposes a pcittiya on eating food kept overnight after it has been formally offered, regardless of where it has been kept. Although leaves and flowers technically do count as ediblesthey are classed as non-staple foods or medicines, depending on ones purpose in eating themthe idea of counting mud and scum as edibles seems to be taking the concept of edible a little too far. As a result, they would receive just the sort of meals that ordinary people ate and that was often meat. Nathan's July 4th Hot Dog Eating Contest rules, explained - For The Win | Overview Category: PHILOSOPHY Vinaya Piaka - Monastic rules of Buddhist monks and nuns. A bhikkhu may, however, store medicines or the five tonics anywhere in the monastery without penalty. The Commentary says that this allowance extends to trays made of wickerware or wood. If one has made a request for any of these foods but then receives the food from someone who knows nothing of the request, that food would apparently not fulfill this factor of the offense. Chestnut is the -3000 favorite (risk $3,000 to win $100) in the men's competition in the latest 2023 Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest odds from Caesars Sportsbook, with Geoffrey Esper listed at . However, a standard principle throughout the Vinaya formulated in Adhikaraa-samatha 4 in both Pimokkhas is that an offender cannot be penalized until he/she has confessed to an offense. Having eaten and turned down an offer of further food, it is permissible for one who thinks, I will now go among villages/into the village, to eat food that is not left over.. Perhaps it was because the Buddha saw that such behavior would open the way for bhikkhus to avoid going on alms round, thus depriving themselves of the excellent opportunity that alms-going provides for reflecting on their dependency on others and on the human condition in general; and depriving the laity of the benefits that come from daily contact with the bhikkhus and the opportunity to practice generosity of the most basic sort every day. Mv.VI.14.6 allows a bhikkhu bitten by a snake to make an antidote of urine, excrement (burned in fire), ashes, and soil. The practice of vegetarianism has long been connected with monasticism in Tibet, despite explicit statements in the vinaya that monks and nuns are allowed to eat meat. Pcittiya Four: The Food Chapter | The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volumes This is the third article in the series about the Vinaya, the body of monastic rules and traditions binding on every Buddhist monk and nun. juice drink, grape juice drink, water-lily root juice drink, phrusaka(Bouea burmanica (Anacardiaceae)?) Factor (b): If any part of the donors body (except for his/her extended arm) is within 1.25 meters of any part of the bhikkhus body (except for his extended arm), this factor is fulfilled. One meal a day | Religion Wiki | Fandom The Commentary asserts, however, that perception would be a mitigating factor in the act of taking food. If a bhikkhu accepts or takes, for the sake of food, a juice drink, a tonic, or medicine that has been stored overnight, there is a dukkaa in the taking, and another dukkaa for every mouthful he eats. If for some reason there is no possibility of returning the food to its original place, one need only return it to some other spot in the building from which it was taken and then receive and eat it without committing an offense. VINAYA . Summary: Eating food that has not been formally given is a pcittiya offense. excused from the specic rules that govern monastic life. In other words, the prohibition is against using the same dish, etc., in the presence of another person who is also using it. Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest odds, time, prop bets 2023: Joey To eat food stored indoors anywhere else in the monastery, even if it has not been formally accepted on a previous day, would incur a dukkaa under Mv.VI.32.2. If one then learns or realizes that it has not been properly given, one should return itif possible, to its original placewithout setting it down and picking it up again in the meantime. Food stored or cooked in a food storage place (kappiya-kuisee Chapter7) doesnt count as stored or cooked indoors. Ill take it, then changes his mind, puts it down and then lays claim to another piece, and so on. These storing and cooking prohibitions apply only to staple foods, non-staple foods, and juice drinks, and not to medicines and tonics. > Without any danger, the donor can . The Buddha assured him that it was. If they violate this rule, it is to be confessed. Under Pc40 I argued against this interpretation, noting that MN140 treats the mukha-dvra as separate from the space whereby what has been eaten, drunk, consumed, and savored gets swallowed. The larynx belongs to the second space; this leaves the mouth for the first. (See the discussion preceding Pc31 for more details on this subject.). For some reason, though, water that has been scented with flowers need not be given, and the same is true with water taken from a stream or river no matter how muddy. Like the second part of the Tipitaka, the Sutta-pitaka, the Vinaya was not written down during the Buddha's lifetime. Even though he was doing this out of frugality rather than greed, the Buddha still rebuked him. If he is asleep or unconscious and food is put into his stomach via a feeding tube, he has not broken this rule for he is not the agent putting it there, and as the Sub-commentary notes under Sg1, the Vinaya does not apply to a bhikkhu when he is not in a normal, waking state of awareness. Many of the rules in this chapter classify food into two groups: bhojana/bhojaniya (consumables) and khdaniya (chewables). PDF FIYA Volleyball Rules 2021 Update If one should consume what has been stored outside, cooked indoors, cooked by others: an offense of wrong doing. The Commentary adds here, however, that if Bhikkhu X takes fruit from a dish and goes away, Bhikkhu Y may then take food from the same dish. As the rule notes, however, there are two exceptions: 1) Water, according to the Commentary, includes ice, hailstones, and snow as well. People criticized and complained and spread it about, How can this bhikkhu himself take our offerings for our dead ancestors and eat them? There are these finer staple foods: ghee, fresh butter, oil, honey, sugar/molasses, fish, meat, milk, and curds. as a monk in North-East Thailand, when I bravely faced many a meal of sticky rice and boiled frog (the whole body bones and all), or rubbery snails, red-ant curry or fried grasshoppers I would have given ANYTHING to be a vegetarian again! If there is enough food residue or dust in the bowl for the finger to make a mark in it, clean the bowl again before use. Food | The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volumes I & II - hnissaro Bhikkhu So I had to settle for part of the villagers meal frogs again. Whoever should do so: a grave offense. I allow that one formally accept what one has picked up.Mv.VI.17.9, I allow that, having eaten and been satisfied, one may consume what has not been made left over if it is brought back from there (where the meal was).Mv.VI.18.4, I allow that, having eaten and been satisfied, one may consume what has not been made left over if it was formally accepted before the meal.Mv.VI.19.2, I allow that, having eaten and been satisfied, one may consume what has not been made left over if it grows in the woods, if it grows in a lotus pond.Mv.VI.20.4, Those things that were allowed by me for the bhikkhus when food was scarce, crops bad, and almsfood difficult to obtain: what was stored indoors, cooked indoors, cooked by oneself, accepting formally what was picked up; what was taken back from there; what was formally accepted before the meal; what grows in the woods; what grows in a lotus pond: From this day forward I rescind them. When no smell remains, they may enter the monastery. Unfortunately, meat eating is often seen by westerners as an indulgence on the part of the monks. Whoever should consume one: an offense of wrong doing.Cv.V.5.1 (This rule was later repealed by the rules at Cv.V.5.2), I allow mango peels I allow that fruit made allowable for contemplatives in any of five ways be consumed: damaged by fire, damaged by a knife, damaged by a fingernail, seedless, or with the seeds removed. Bassia latifolia?) The Vinaya, then, is quite clear on this matter. If, without further prompting, they say that they are offering the food not because of the request but because of their own independent desire to offer it, one may accept it and consume it. The Sub-commentary states that this allowance does not hold if one is thinking of taking the food for other bhikkhus to eat. SuttaCentral In Svatth, in the Sutta Vibhaga (Pc35). XII.1.10, , Stored-up Food: A Discussion of Pcittaya 38. Moggallna, and of Sakka, the king of the devas, presenting a gift of food to Mah Kassapa after the latter had withdrawn from seven days of concentration (Ud.III.7).
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