The local weather stations are shown as black dots. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1757-7, Wang W, Chen Y, Wang W (2020) Groundwater recharge in the oasis-desert areas of northern Tarim Basin, Northwest China. The water used in artificial recharge projects can come from lakes and streams when water levels are high and demand is low. Agric Water Manage 257:107148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107148, Chi G, Su X, Lyu H, Li H, Xu G, Zhang Y (2022) Prediction and evaluation of groundwater level changes in an over-exploited area of the Baiyangdian Lake Basin, China under the combined influence of climate change and ecological water recharge. Hydrogeol J (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1410-2, Tan H, Liu Z, Rao W, Wei H, Zhang Y, Jin B (2017b) Stable isotopes of soil water: implications for soil water and shallow groundwater recharge in hill and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, China. +1 519 888 4567, ext. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.182, Huang T, Pang Z, Edmunds WM (2013) Soil profile evolution following land-use change: implications for groundwater quantity and quality. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using groundwater? Although some recharge happens incidentallywater flowing into the ground from rivers, unlined canals, or excess irrigationintentional recharge can restore groundwater levels and . Environ Monit Assess 131(13):3748. Groundwater | Description & Importance | Britannica Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China, Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Changan University, Xian, China, School of Water and Environment, Changan University, Xian, China, You can also search for this author in Science Fact Checked What is Groundwater Recharge? Corrections? Disadvantages include aquifer depletion from over pumping, subsidence, pollution, saltwater intrusion, and reduced water flow. The advantages of withdrawing groundwater include water for drinking and irrigation; availability and locality; low cost, no evaporation losses; and it is renewable. Phys Chem Earth Parts A/B/C 123:103042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2021.103042. Sugere-se tambm que vrios mtodos de estimativa sejam usados em combinao, a fim de melhorar a confiabilidade das estimativas de recarga. How important is groundwater? Acta Geosci Sin 32(01):117122, Pang Z, Huang T, Chen Y (2009) Diminished groundwater recharge and circulation relative to degrading riparian vegetation in the middle Tarim River, Xinjiang Uygur, Western China. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Our main campus is situated on the Haldimand Tract, the land granted to the Six Nations that includes six miles on each side of the Grand River. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.030, Li Z, Si B (2018) Reconstructed precipitation tritium leads to overestimated groundwater recharge. Cet article passe en revue les progrs de la recherche concernant la recharge des eaux souterraines dans les rgions arides et semi-arides de Chine, en se concentrant sur les principes et les applications actuelles des techniques majeures, ainsi que les ralisations dans neuf rgions arides et semi-arides typiques (bassin du Tarim, bassin de Junggar, bassin de la rivire Shule, bassin de la rivire Heihe, plaine de Yinchuan, dsert de Badain Jaran, plateau de Loess, plateau dOrdos, plaine de Chine du Nord). Maps show results as follows: Scenario 1 (national), (a) 2014, (b) 2015 and (c) 2016. E3S Web of Conferences 98:12007. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199812007, Huang T, Pang Z (2007) Groundwater recharge in Badain Jaran Desert and Gurinai Oasis based on environmental tracers (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.002, Li J, Pang Z, Froehlich K, Huang T, Kong Y, Song W, Yun H (2015) Paleo-environment from isotopes and hydrochemistry of groundwater in east Junggar Basin, Northwest China. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.019, Gates JB, Edmunds WM, Ma J, Scanlon BR (2008b) Estimating groundwater recharge in a cold desert environment in northern China using chloride. Groundwater is pure and hence a very safe source. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.071, Wang W, Wu T, Zhao L, Li R, Zhu X, Wang W, Yang S, Qin Y, Hao J (2018a) Exploring the ground ice recharge near permafrost table on the Central Qinghai-Tibet plateau using chemical and isotopic data. Water that collects or flows beneath the Earths surface, filling the porous spaces in soil, sediment, and rocks. El documento revela que el mtodo de balance de masas de cloruro es un mtodo muy utilizado para estimar la tasa de recarga de las aguas subterrneas, mientras que los anlisis de istopos estables y de hidroqumica, as como el uso conjunto de ambos, se han empleado ampliamente en la comprensin de los procesos y mecanismos de recarga en las regiones ridas y semiridas de China. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Ground-Water Quality Protection: Why It's Important To You AQUAOSO provides a wide range of groundwater data, including recharge districts, well reports, groundwater depth data, groundwater management data, and much more. Ag professionals and investors can get a better handle on groundwater recharge projects by using AQUAOSOs Water Security Platform for data collection and research. J Irrig Drain 33(2):1116, Si J, Feng Q, Wen X, Su Y, Xi H, Chang Z (2009) Major ion chemistry of groundwater in the extreme arid region Northwest China. Il est galement suggr que diverses mthodes destimation soient utilises en les combinant les unes avec les autres, afin damliorer la fiabilit des estimations de recharge. Larticle rvle que la mthode du bilan massique des chlorures est une mthode populaire pour estimer le taux de recharge des eaux souterraines, alors que les isotopes stables et les analyses hydrochimiques, ainsi que lutilisation conjointe des deux, ont t largement utiliss pour la comprhension des processus et des mcanismes de recharge des eaux souterraines dans les rgions arides et semi-arides de Chine. New research by Water in the West shows that groundwater recharge is a cheaper alternative to surface storage. Since bore well is closed, no risk of getting contaminated. Read more about water conservation in the explorable AQUAOSO Guide. Quantitative evaluation of groundwater recharge is crucial in hydrogeological investigations. World is facing groundwater scarcity 2. Otherwise, the water is. Water infrastructure requires regular maintenance. The Stanford Woods Institute estimates that groundwater recharge projects can cost as little as $90 to $1,100 per acre-foot compared to $2,700 for reservoir expansion projects, and over $3,000 for seawater desalination projects. What are the disadvantages of groundwater? Typically, 10 to 20 percent of the precipitation that falls to the Earth enters water-bearing strata, which are known as aquifers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.10.006, Xiao J, Wang L, Deng L, Jin Z (2019) Characteristics, sources, water quality and health risk assessment of trace elements in river water and well water in the Chinese Loess Plateau. J Hydrol 579:124212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124212, Guo Y, Qin D, Sun J, Li L, Li F, Huang J (2019b) Recharge of river water to karst aquifer determined by hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes. Groundwater recharge is an important water management practice in California. J Arid Environ 40(4):373382. Rates of groundwater recharge are greatest when rainfall inputs to the soil exceed evapotranspiration losses. Appl Geochem 23(12):35193534. En outre, cette revue montre que la recherche thorique jusqu prsent ne peut toujours pas rpondre aux besoins du dveloppement rgional, et le document met en vidence certains problmes scientifiques qui doivent tre encore tudis plus en profondeur. Groundwater helps grow our food. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09226-6, Zhang Z, Li M, Si B, Feng H (2018) Deep rooted apple trees decrease groundwater recharge in the highland region of the Loess Plateau, China. What is meant by groundwater recharge? Environ Monit Assess 186(8):51855197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0683-0, Li H, Si B, Li M (2018) Rooting depth controls potential groundwater recharge on hillslopes. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. How important is groundwater? | U.S. Geological Survey - USGS.gov Environ Earth Sci 64(6):15751584. Groundwater Recharge - Its Importance and Scalability - AQUAOSO Lvaluation quantitative de la recharge des eaux souterraines est essentielle dans les tudes hydrogologiques. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6335, Shao J, Si B, Jin J (2019) Rooting depth and extreme precipitation regulate groundwater recharge in the thick unsaturated zone: a case study. Why Groundwater Management is important? | LogicLadder Hydrogeol Eng Geol 02:2729, Zhang G, Fei Y, Wang J, Chen Z, Nie Z (2003) Evolution characteristics and trend of shallow groundwater recharge in Taihangshan Piedmont plain over the last 300 years (in Chinese). Estimating groundwater recharge is challenging. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0075-7, Chen Z, Wan L, Nie Z, Shen J, Chen J (2006b) Identification of groundwater recharge in the Heihe Basin using environmental isotopes (in Chinese). Numerical modeling and remote sensing technology will become important approaches to quantify large-scale groundwater recharge. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11474, Yang Z, Wang K, Yuan Y, Huang J, Chen Z, Li C (2019) Non-negligible lag of groundwater infiltration recharge: a case in Mu Us Sandy land, China. J Hydrol 527:305315. Groundwater markets can function as a kind of cap and trade system for water, with caps set by regional regulatory agencies. Our active work toward reconciliation takes place across our campuses through research, learning, teaching, and community building, and is co-ordinated within our Office of Indigenous Relations. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11089, Huang T, Ma B, Long Y, Pang Z (2019) The role of unsaturated zone in estimating groundwater recharge in arid and semiarid areas as depicted by geochemical tracers. Hydrol Process 2(3):255266. The contribution of ground water to total streamflow varies widely among streams, but hydrologists estimate the average contribution is somewhere between 40 and 50 percent in small and medium-sized streams. Recharge is frequently estimated using a water balance approach, where its magnitude is calculated as a residual after accounting for the other measured or estimated water budget components. The difference between perched and unconfined aquifers is their size. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0643-8, Huang T, Pang Z (2013) Groundwater recharge and dynamics in northern China: implications for sustainable utilization of groundwater. Ground water level can be increased by ground water conservation and control use of water. Hydrogeol J 18(3):791801. For more information aboutWaterResearch, contact Allie Dusome. None of the three simulations were calibrated, as each set of input data would result in a different calibrated model and obscure the effects of the input rainfall data on recharge rates. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.322, Xu H, Ye M, Song Y, Chen Y (2007) The natural vegetation responses to the groundwater change resulting from ecological water conveyances to the lower Tarim River. Water Sci Technol 68(11):24272433. J Hydrol 500:111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.245, Jiao JJ, Zhang X, Wang X (2015) Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in the Badain Jaran Desert, China. Agric Ecosyst Environ 243:19. Recharge can help move excess salts that accumulate in the root zone to deeper soil layers, or into the groundwater system. What are the importance and advantages of ground water recharging? Hydrogeol J 29(2):591606. These initiatives stand to benefit farmers, ag finance institutions, and municipal users by supporting a more sustainable water supply. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0310-3, Yin L, Hou G, Su X, Wang D, Dong J, Hao Y, Wang X (2011b) Isotopes (D and 18O) in precipitation, groundwater and surface water in the Ordos plateau, China: implications with respect to groundwater recharge and circulation. The water that your well draws from under the ground is an example of groundwater. This process would regularly happen naturally through rain and snowmelt. To meet statutory regulation What is Groundwater Management? https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.03.022, Tan X, Wu J, Cai S, Yang J (2014) Characteristics of groundwater recharge on the North China plain. Environ Earth Sci 60(8):17311738. J Hydrol 356(12):209222. Ground Water 37(01):68, Wang L, Li G, Dong Y, Han D, Zhang J (2015b) Using hydrochemical and isotopic data to determine sources of recharge and groundwater evolution in an arid region: a case study in the upper-middle reaches of the Shule River basin, northwestern China. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4856-8, Ge J, Fan J, Wang S (2018) Simulation of water flow and shallow groundwater recharge in coarse-textured soils on the Loess Plateau, China (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.230, Zhang Z, Wang W, Gong C, Zhang M (2020) A comparison of methods to estimate groundwater recharge from bare soil based on data observed by a large-scale lysimeter. For example, groundwater can be artificially recharged by redirecting water across the land surface through canals, infiltration basins, or ponds; adding irrigation furrows or sprinkler systems; or simply injecting water directly into the subsurface through injection wells. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4886-5, Liu M, Jiang Y, Xu X, Huang Q, Huo Z, Huang G (2018) Long-term groundwater dynamics affected by intense agricultural activities in oasis areas of arid inland river basins, Northwest China. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1891-2, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhao J, Rustomji P, Hairsine P (2008) Responses of streamflow to changes in climate and land use/cover in the Loess Plateau, China. PRESS RELEASEFor Immediate Release Denver, CO -Today, AQUAOSO Technologies, PBC officially unveiled Agcor - a suite of software tools for the modern ag lender. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.028, Liu S, Guo H, Lu H, Zhang Z, Zhao W (2020) The provenance of deep groundwater and its relation to arsenic distribution in the northwestern Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia. Nat Commun 11(1):3710. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17581-y, Xi H, Feng Q, Si J, Chang Z, Cao S (2010) Impacts of river recharge on groundwater level and hydrochemistry in the lower reaches of Heihe River watershed, northwestern China. Environ Earth Sci 75(6). Most of the time, U.S. groundwater is safe to use. Hydrogeol J 25(7):20492065. in its ground water recharge areasthe land areas that provide ground water recharge to the estuary. Water 10(11):1515. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111515, Zhu B, Wang X, Rioual P (2017) Multivariate indications between environment and ground water recharge in a sedimentary drainage basin in northwestern China. Groundwater not always suitable for drinking. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1525-5, Ma B, Jin M, Liang X, Li J (2018) Groundwater mixing and mineralization processes in a mountainoasisdesert basin, Northwest China: hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracer indicators. It has several potential advantages. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1456-1, Wang L, Hu F, Yin L, Wan L, Yu Q (2013) Hydrochemical and isotopic study of groundwater in the Yinchuan plain, China. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7155-y, Deng L, Wang W, Cai Y, Hu A, Tan L (2015) Groundwater diffuse recharge and its response to climate changes in semi-arid northwestern China. Contaminated groundwater can make people sick. Hydrol Process 27(8):12381252. In the west, there is less surface water available for irrigation because many ag operations sit atop groundwater. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0173-5, Scanlon BR, Healy RW, Cook PG (2002) Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge. Hydrogeol J 22(2):411424. Since it is closed no danger of children or animals falling into it. Ecohydrology 6(6):10311039. Recharge occurs when water seeps into the ground to replenish underground aquifers. Again, as part of the water cycle, groundwater recharge would normally happen through precipitation and natural replenishment. Hydrol Sci J 66(10):15971609. The differences related to Scenario 3 were greater than the uncertainty metricfor both comparisons in 2014, and for the comparison with Scenario 2 in 2015. There are also techniques to manage aquifer recharge and increase the amount of water . Recharge ponds and injection wells are other artificial recharge options. Groundwater helps to keep our rivers flowing. Why is Groundwater Management important? University of Waterloo Adv Earth Sci 05:511519, Zhang G, Nie Z, Zhang C, Shen J (2005c) Mechanism and characteristics of groundwater replenishment variation in middle reaches of Heihe River basin (in Chinese). Groundwater Recharge - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Groundwater | Managed Aquifer Recharge The Alder Creek watershed (78km2) is located within the Grand River watershed (6,700km2) and is adjacent to the cities of Kitchener and Waterloo, Ontario. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.490, Yang L, Xu Y, Ma X, Song X, Zhao Z, Gong L, Liu H, Song Q (2021) Water movement in the unsaturated zone and groundwater recharge in the Yellow River irrigation area (in Chinese). 64% of groundwater is used for irrigation to grow crops. Heres how the Orange County Water District describes the process: Projects like these support water sustainability and are more cost-effective than their alternatives. Recharge: Groundwater's Second Act - Stanford University J Hydrol 560:220229. Groundwater recharge can be defined as water added to the aquifer through the unsaturated zone after infiltration and percolation following any storm rainfall event. Confined aquifers are aquifers with a confining layer on top. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2015.06.015, Mensah JK, Ofosu EA, Yidana SM, Akpoti K, Kabo-bah AT (2022) Integrated modeling of hydrological processes and groundwater recharge based on land use land cover, and climate changes: a systematic review. . https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2021.143, Guo X, Feng Q, Liu W, Li Z, Wen X, Si J, Xi H, Guo R, Jia B (2015) Stable isotopic and geochemical identification of groundwater evolution and recharge sources in the arid Shule River basin of northwestern China. Ground water is a valuable resource often used for industry, commerce, agriculture, and most importantly drinking water. J Hydrol: Reg Stud 40:101022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101022, Koeniger P, Gaj M, Beyer M, Himmelsbach T (2016) Review on soil water isotope-based groundwater recharge estimations. Groundwater - Wikipedia Sources/Usage: Public Domain. This has potential implications for the delineation of wellhead protection areas (capture zones), the estimation of groundwater contribution areas for stream reaches, the quantification of the groundwater volume available for long-term extraction, and the assessment of contaminant loadings and transport. Groundwater Recharge - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.10.053, Chen C, He W, Zhou H, Xue Y, Zhu M (2020) A comparative study among machine learning and numerical models for simulating groundwater dynamics in the Heihe River basin, northwestern China. Appl Geochem 25(7):9961007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2017.04.006, Luo Z, Yong C, Fan J, Shao M, Wang S, Jin M (2020) Precipitation recharges the shallow groundwater of check dams in the loessial hilly and gully region of China. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8200-9, Huang T, Pang Z (2011) Estimating groundwater recharge following land-use change using chloride mass balance of soil profiles: a case study at Guyuan and Xifeng in the Loess Plateau of China. J Groundwater Sci Eng 9(3):225232. Important insights into the hydrogeological system were gained from this detailed analysis, which also confirmed that the . Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), the flow of fresh or saline groundwater to oceans, may be an important contributor to the water and chemical budgets of the world's oceans 1,2.The fresh . Sci Total Environ 657:10411050. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-427-2019, Ma B, Liang X, Liu S, Jin M, Nimmo JR, Li J (2017) Evaluation of diffuse and preferential flow pathways of infiltrated precipitation and irrigation using oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. What are the three types of ground water? The 2015 maps (b, e and h) particularly show differences in recharge rates between different scenarios in the sand and gravel soil types. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.06.041, Huo S, Jin M (2015) Effects of precipitation and irrigation on vertical groundwater recharge (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000395, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Liu F (2016) Stable isotope evidences on sources and mechanisms of groundwater recharge in Hohhot basin, China. J Hydrol 549:92113. With the emergence of regional or watershed scale groundwater models, the seasonality and spatial variability of recharge has become a hydrologic component of significant importance. Hydrogeol J 10(1):91109. So in the middle of last year's floods, we weren't floodingwe were recharging. Groundwater recharge projects will need to be rolled out at a greater scale in order to balance out current water trends. The U.S.G.S. Because ground water is Other activities associated with urban expansion, such as increased ground-water pumping, along with reduced recharge rates may increase the drawdown of water levels caused by pumping. Geosci J 20(5):731744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1795-1, Wang Z, Wang L, Shen J, Nie Z, Meng L, Cao L, Wei S, Zeng X (2021) Groundwater characteristics and climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert in the southwest Mongolian Plateau. For example, groundwater can be artificially recharged by redirecting water across the land surface through canals, infiltration basins, or ponds; adding irrigation furrows or sprinkler systems; or simply injecting water directly into the subsurface through injection wells. It is also called subsurface water to distinguish it from surface water, which is found in large bodies like the oceans or lakes or which flows overland in streams. Hydrol Process 35(7). Chin Sci Bull 48:14691474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3768-8, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Chen Y, Wang Y (2013) Spatial characteristics of surface water and groundwater using water stable isotope in the Tarim River basin, northwestern China. AQUAOSO launches Agcor a full suite of digital tools for the modern ag lender. Groundwater pollution is a serious concerned 3. . Image and figures courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey Users can search by APN, or point and click on the map, to locate a specific piece of farmland. Hydrogeol J 14(8):16351651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3719-2, Wang L, Dong Y, Xie Y, Song F, Wei Y, Zhang J (2016) Distinct groundwater recharge sources and geochemical evolution of two adjacent sub-basins in the lower Shule River basin, Northwest China. Recharge ponds are built on the surface of the land and allow water to slowly infiltrate through the soil into the underground aquifer. Injection wells are similar, but they use pumps to push the water underground at greater speed and pressure. Hydrogeol J 26(5):13251337. What is Groundwater? | Live Science Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? Water Institute https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20192, Gates JB, Edmunds WM, Darling WG, Ma J, Pang Z, Young AA (2008a) Conceptual model of recharge to southeastern Badain Jaran Desert groundwater and lakes from environmental tracers. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Analysis of the frequency of cell-by-cell differences between scenarios showed that despite the similar average recharge in the local and national rainfall scenarios in 2016 (Table 1), this was the result of a balancing of increases and decreases in recharge across the entire watershed. J Hydrol: Region Stud 36:100840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100840, Taylor RG, Todd MC, Kongola L, Maurice L, Nahozya E, Sanga H, MacDonald AM (2013) Evidence of the dependence of groundwater resources on extreme rainfall in East Africa. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800010002x, Article Geoderma 337:773781. Hydrogeol J 26:13011324. Environ Earth Sci 72(1):99110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.03.058, Zhu B, Yu J, Rioual P (2016) Geochemical signature of natural water recharge in the Jungar Basin and its response to climate. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58(1):614. AQUAOSO can provide groundwater allocation estimates that are based on published figures. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02217-8, Zhao K, Jiang X, Wang X, Wan L (2021) Restriction of groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration due to a fluctuating water table: a study in the Ordos Plateau, China. AQUAOSO helps ag professionals make smarter decisions about water risk with our cloud-based Water Security Platform and Research and Reporting tools.
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